ls Malaria a pandemic, epidemic or endemic
Answers
Explanation:
It is a disease!!
___________
Answer:
Malaria is a epidemic
Explanation:
Malaria occupies a unique place in the annals of history. Over millennia, its victims have included Neolithic dwellers, early Chinese and Greeks, princes and paupers. In the 20th century alone, malaria claimed between 150 million and 300 million lives, accounting for 2 to 5 percent of all deaths (Carter and Mendis, 2002). Although its chief sufferers today are the poor of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, the Amazon basin, and other tropical regions, 40 percent of the world's population still lives in areas where malaria is transmitted.
Ancient writings and artifacts testify to malaria's long reign. Clay tablets with cuneiform script from Mesopotamia mention deadly periodic fevers suggestive of malaria. Malaria antigen was recently detected in Egyptian remains dating from 3200 and 1304 BC (Miller et al., 1994). Indian writings of the Vedic period (1500 to 800 BC) called malaria the “king of diseases.” In 270 BC, the Chinese medical canon known as the Nei Chin linked tertian (every third day) and quartan (every fourth day) fevers with enlargement of the spleen (a common finding in malaria), and blamed malaria's headaches, chills, and fevers on three demons—one carrying a hammer, another a pail of water, and the third a stove (Bruce-Chwatt, 1988). The Greek poet Homer (circa 750 BC) mentions malaria in The Iliad, as does Aristophanes (445-385 BC) in The Wasps, and Aristotle (384-322 BC), Plato (428-347 BC), and Sophocles (496-406 BC). Like Homer, Hippocrates (450-370 BC) linked the appearance of Sirius the dog star (in late summer and autumn) with malarial fever and misery (Sherman, 1998).
Malaria's probable arrival in Rome in the first century AD was a turning point in European history. From the African rain forest, the disease most likely traveled down the Nile to the Mediterranean, then spread east to the Fertile Crescent, and north to Greece. Greek traders and colonists brought it to Italy. From there, Roman soldiers and merchants would ultimately carry it as far north as England and Denmark (Karlen, 1995).
For the next 2,000 years, wherever Europe harbored crowded settlements and standing water, malaria flourished, rendering people seasonally ill, and chronically weak and apathetic. Many historians speculate that falciparum malaria (the deadliest form of malaria species in humans) contributed to the fall of Rome. The malaria epidemic of 79 AD devastated the fertile, marshy croplands surrounding the city, causing local farmers to abandon their fields and villages. As late as the 19th century, travelers to these same areas remarked on the feebleness of the population, their squalid life and miserable agriculture (Cartwright, 1991). The Roman Campagna would remain sparsely settled until finally cleared of malaria in the late 1930s.
In India and China, population growth drove people into semitropical southern zones that favored malaria. India's oldest settled region was the relatively dry Indus valley to the north. Migrants to the hot, wet Ganges valley to the south were disproportionately plagued by malaria, and other mosquito- and water-borne diseases. Millions of peasants who left the Yellow River for hot and humid rice paddies bordering the Yangtse encountered similar hazards. Due to the unequal burden of disease, for centuries, the development of China's south lagged behind its north.