Lysosomes are known as suicidal bags. Why?
Answers
Answer:
Lysosomes are sphere-shaped sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes that have the capability to break down many types of biomolecules. Lysosomes are known as suicide bags of the cell because they contain lytic enzymes capable of digesting cells and unwanted materials.
Explanation:
◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE
✯Lysosome Definition
“Lysosomes are sphere-shaped sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes that have the capability to break down many types of biomolecules.”
☆Who discovered Lysosomes?
Lysosomes were discovered by a Belgian biologist, Christian de Duve, and was awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in the year 1974. He is also known for the discovery of other cellular organelles known as peroxisomes.
☆Lysosome Structure
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles and the area within the membrane is called the lumen, which contains the hydrolytic enzymes and other cellular debris.
- The pH level of the lumen lies between 4.5 and 5.0, which makes it quite acidic. It is almost comparable to the function of acids found in the stomach.
- Besides breaking down biological polymers, lysosomes are also involved in various other cell processes such as counting discharged materials, energy metabolism, cell signalling, and restoration of the plasma membrane.
- The sizes of lysosomes vary, with the largest ones measuring in more at than 1.2 μm. But they typically range from 0.1 μm to 0.6 μm.
☆Lysosomal Disease
Production of enzymes of the lysosome is organized by nuclear genes. Nuclear genes are genes which are located within the nucleus of a cell, specifically in eukaryotes.
Any mutations in these genes may result in the emergence of over 30 diverse human genetic ailments, which are collectively called lysosomal storage diseases (LSD).
When such a mutation occurs, the molecules accumulate within the cell and eventually kills it. This can lead to cancer and a host of other diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and ageing-associated ailments.
☆Lysosome in Plant Cell
Lysosomes are predominantly found in eukaryotic animal cells and are responsible for breaking down cellular debris. In plants, the role of lysosomes is undertaken by the vacuoles as traditional cell biology dictates.
However, recent discoveries point out that the function of vacuoles is quite similar to the functions of a lysosome in animal cells. Furthermore, findings suggest that these vacuoles possess hydrolytic enzymes similar to the ones found in animal cells.
So some botanists have challenged the definition of a vacuole. In other words, it sparked a controversy that pits the definition of the two cellular organelles, with some saying that both perform similar tasks.
◉Further Learning
✯Prokaryotic Cells
☆Prokaryotic Cell Definition
“Prokaryotic cells are the cells that do not have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.”
☆Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic cells have different characteristic features. The characteristics of the prokaryotic cells are mentioned below.
- They lack a nuclear membrane.
- Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, chloroplast, and lysosomes are absent.
- The genetic material is present on a single chromosome.
- The histone proteins, the important constituents of eukaryotic chromosomes, are lacking in them.
✯Eukaryotic Cells
☆Eukaryotic Cell Definition
“Eukaryotic cells are the cells that contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.”
☆Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
The features of eukaryotic cells are as follows:
- Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane.
- The cell has mitochondria.
- Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a eukaryotic cell.
- A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells.
- The cells divide by a process called mitosis.
✯Competent Cells?
The bacterial cells that can take up the foreign DNA from the surroundings by a process called transformation are known as competent cells. Griffith first reported it in Streptococcus pneumoniae . E.coli cells are more likely to uptake the DNA if their cell walls are altered. The cells can be made competent by calcium chloride and heat shock treatment. The cells growing rapidly can be made competent more easily than those in other stages of growth.
☆Principle of Competent Cells
Competent cells have altered cell walls that allow the DNA to easily pass through it. Some cells need to be exposed to some chemical or electrical treatments to make them competent. Treatment with calcium ions is the standard method for the preparation of these cells. Bacterial cells can also take up DNA through a process called electroporation.
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