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IN BIOLOGY, TAXONOMY (FROM ANCIENT GREEK (TAXIS) 'ARRANGEMENT', AND -ΝΟΜΊΑ (-NOMIA) 'METHOD') IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF NAMING, DEFINING (CIRCUMSCRIBING) AND CLASSIFYING GROUPS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS BASED ON SHARED CHARACTERISTICS. ORGANISMS ARE GROUPED INTO TAXA (SINGULAR: TAXON) AND THESE GROUPS ARE GIVEN A TAXONOMIC RANK; GROUPS OF A GIVEN RANK CAN BE AGGREGATED TO FORM A SUPER-GROUP OF HIGHER RANK, THUS CREATING A TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY. THE PRINCIPAL RANKS IN MODERN USE ARE DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM (DIVISION IS SOMETIMES USED IN BOTANY IN PLACE OF PHYLUM), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES. THE SWEDISH BOTANIST CARL LINNAEUS IS REGARDED AS THE FOUNDER OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF TAXONOMY, AS HE DEVELOPED A SYSTEM KNOWN AS LINNAEAN TAXONOMY FOR CATEGORIZING ORGANISMS AND BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE FOR NAMING ORGANISMS.
IN BIOLOGY, TAXONOMY (FROM ANCIENT GREEK (TAXIS) 'ARRANGEMENT', AND -ΝΟΜΊΑ (-NOMIA) 'METHOD') IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF NAMING, DEFINING (CIRCUMSCRIBING) AND CLASSIFYING GROUPS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS BASED ON SHARED CHARACTERISTICS. ORGANISMS ARE GROUPED INTO TAXA (SINGULAR: TAXON) AND THESE GROUPS ARE GIVEN A TAXONOMIC RANK; GROUPS OF A GIVEN RANK CAN BE AGGREGATED TO FORM A SUPER-GROUP OF HIGHER RANK, THUS CREATING A TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY. THE PRINCIPAL RANKS IN MODERN USE ARE DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM (DIVISION IS SOMETIMES USED IN BOTANY IN PLACE OF PHYLUM), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES. THE SWEDISH BOTANIST CARL LINNAEUS IS REGARDED AS THE FOUNDER OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF TAXONOMY, AS HE DEVELOPED A SYSTEM KNOWN AS LINNAEAN TAXONOMY FOR CATEGORIZING ORGANISMS AND BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE FOR NAMING ORGANISMS.WITH THE ADVENT OF SUCH FIELDS OF STUDY AS PHYLOGENETICS, CLADISTICS, AND SYSTEMATICS, THE LINNAEAN SYSTEM HAS PROGRESSED TO A SYSTEM OF MODERN BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS, BOTH LIVING AND EXTINCT.