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Explanation:
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Mosquitoes are small insects living in houses or near the houses. They are found all over the world. The body of the mosquito consists of three segments i.e. head, thorax and abdomen. The head is conical in shape and bears a long needle like structure called the proboscis with which the mosquito bites.
The thorax has a pair of wings and three pairs of legs. When the mosquito is at rest the wings are folded. The buzzing noise of the mosquito is produced by the beating of their wings. The female mosquito bites and sucks the blood of human beings and pet animals.
The male mosquito does not bite and lives on plant juices. Blood meal is necessary for producing eggs. With each bite by the mosquito blood is sucked and a small fluid is injected in the blood which leads to itching sensation and discomfort to the person.
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The female mosquito after sucking blood, lays eggs on the surface of water in wells, cisterns, fountains, water receptacles etc. In rural areas it breeds in pools, banks of streams or canals, drains or garden pits containing seepage water.
They also breed in gully traps, masonary tanks and on collection of dirty water around houses and stables. During the course of season the female mosquito may lay eggs several times and 100 to 200 even more at a time. Like other insects mosquitoes also have four stages in their life cycle i.e. egg, larva, pupa and adult.
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There are three main types of mosquitoes which spread the diseases. They include:
(i) Anopheles:
Female anopheles spread malaria. Anopheles mosquitoes breed in clean water.
(ii) Culex:
The culex mosquitoes are more prevalent than anopheles mosquitoes. Female culex spreads filaria and viral encephalitis. Culex mosquitoes breed in dirty and polluted water. The favourite breeding places are gully traps, open drains, masonary tanks, earthen waste vessels and on collection of dirty water around houses and stables.
(iii) Aedes Mosquito:
Aedes mosquito is also known as tiger mosquito. It is generally found in houses and is characteristically marked with white stripes on a black body. Because of these stripes on their bodies they are called ‘tiger mosquitoes’.