Madikeri floods in 2018 in Kannada Speech
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Answer:
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Explanation:
.........Media call it the worst flood of the century in the region. After more than two weeks of relentless rain, Kerala, a state at the southern tip of India, known internationally for its scenic green landscapes, touristic spots, and backwaters, is left with over 1 million people in relief camps, and close to 400 reported dead—the number is expected to be much higher as many areas remain inaccessible.
In the mountainous Coorg or Kodagu district in the neighbouring state of Karnataka, thousands of people have been marooned because of torrential rains. Exacerbated by landslides in hilly terrain, flooding has led to the destruction of homes, bridges, road networks, and industries.
Far from being a surprise, the possibility of such devastation was highlighted several years ago.
The need to change our development approach
In 2011, the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, chaired by the internationally renowned ecologist Madhav Gadgil, submitted a report to the Indian ministry of environment and forests. The report warned that an ill-thought focus on development was impacting the sustainability of the Western Ghats hill chain, one of the world’s most biodiverse areas that runs along the west coast of India. The expert report urged a number of states, including Karnataka and Kerala, to adopt an approach of thoughtful conservation, limiting activities such as quarrying, dams, and construction near protected forests in hilly areas. The report was rejected by the Ministry as well as by both states.
With the experience of hindsight, it is clear that the worst flood damage took place in those regions where the Gadgil committee recommended protection.
In Kodagu, for instance, tens to hundreds of thousands of large trees were felled in 2015 to construct a high-tension electric wire line. Uncontrolled sand mining has constrained river flows, while the rapid spread of high-rise buildings on unstable hill slopes has weakened the soil. This unplanned development has left the area susceptible to flash floods and landslides, caused by a combination of tree-felling on steep hillslopes and heavy rainfall.
Airports built on water bodies
The flooding of the Kochi airport is another example of poor planning leading to disastrous outcomes. The airport was built on the paddy fields and wetlands adjacent to the Periyar river, and extends up to the banks of the river on one side.
The longest river in Kerala, it has a number of dams—some of which had to be opened to release water during the rains. The airport was badly hit, with estimated economic costs of at least Rs500 crore ($71.4 million) because of its forced closure for several days.
The Periyar river is not the only one that has been dammed. The state of Kerala has 44 rivers with a total of 61 dams. Many had to be opened across Kerala as they were dangerously full—a step that, while essential during a time of emergency, contributed to the heavy flooding. A 2017 report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India warned that not a single one of these dams had an emergency action plan in place for disaster management. Pre- and post-monsoon safety inspections had not been carried out for any of these dams either.
Given how likely it is that coastal and riverine cities will experience flooding in coming years, you would think we know better than to build airports near bodies of water. Yet Kochi airport is not an exception. The runways of the Mumbai airport have been built over the Mithi river, and the airport is located on a reclaimed pond. One of the runways of the Chennai airport extends over the Adyar river, affecting its long-term safety and stability.
It is no surprise that these airports, which are among the busiest in India, frequently flood when the rains are heavy—leading to large-scale economic losses. Yet the new Navi Mumbai airport is coming up in an equally unsuitable location on coastal wetlands.
Answer:
ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ
ಕೊಡಗು, ಇದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಘಟ್ಟದ ತಪ್ಪಲಿನ ದಟ್ಟವಾದ ಕಾಡುಗಳಿಂದ ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಸುಂದರ ಗಿರಿಧಾಮವಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದು ನೈಋತ್ಯ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಘಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 4,102 ಚದರ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (1,584 ಚದರ ಮೈಲಿ) ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ಆವರಿಸಿದೆ. 2011 ರ ಜನಗಣತಿಯಂತೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯು 554,519 ರಷ್ಟಿದೆ, 13.74% ರಷ್ಟು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ನಗರ ಕೇಂದ್ರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕೃತಗೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಇದು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ 30 ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಅತಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ. ಕೊಡಗಿನ ಕಾಫಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊಡಗಿನ “ಕೆಚ್ಚೆದೆಯ ಯೋಧರರು” ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ದಿ ಪಡೆದಿದೆ. ಮಡಿಕೇರಿಯು ಕೊಡಗಿನ ಕೇಂದ್ರಸ್ಥಾನವಾಗಿದೆ. ಕೊಡಗು ಕೊಡವ ಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯರಿಗೆ ನೆಲೆಯಾಗಿದೆ.
ಕೊಡಗಿನ ಅಧಿಕ ಭೂ ಭಾಗವು ಕೃಷಿಗಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಭತ್ತದ ಗದ್ದೆಗಳು ಕಣಿವೆ ಪ್ರದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಕಾಫಿ ಮತ್ತು ಮೆಣಸಿನಗಿಡಗಳು ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಬೆಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮಡಿಕೇರಿ ಬಳಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುವಂತಹಾ ಬೆಳೆ ಕಾಫಿ, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಕಾಫೀ ರೋಬಸ್ಟಾ ಹೇರಳವಾಗಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇದು ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಬಾಬಾ ಬುದ್ದಗಿರಿಯ ನಂತರ ಭಾರತದ ಎರಡನೇ ಕಾಫಿ ಉತ್ಪಾದನಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದರಿಂದ ಕೊಡಗು ಭಾರತದ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಜಿಲ್ಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿ ಬೆಳೆದಿದೆ.
ಕೊಡಗು ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲಗಳಿಂದ ಸಮೃದ್ಧವೆಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ . ಮೂರು ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ: ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಗಿರಿ, ತಲಕಾವೇರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಪುಷ್ಪಗಿರಿ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ನಾಗರಹೊಳೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನ ಅಥವಾ ರಾಜೀವ್ ಗಾಂಧಿ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನವೆಂದೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.