Main points of the Lesson "Production and Employment"
Class 10 - SCERT
Points: 10
Answers
Answer:
Main Points:
1) The people are engaged in different activities to earn their livelihood.
2) The activities are broadly divided into three categories.
(i) "Primary Sector" also known as 'Agriculture sector' includes activities such as Farming, Fishing, and Forestry etc. They also include the packaging and processing of the extracted material.
(ii) "Secondary sector" also known as 'Industrial Sector' include activities all industries manufacturing finished goods. This consists of many broad industrial sectors such as Automobiles, Chemicals, and Textiles etc.
(iii) "Tertiary Sector" also known as 'Service Sector' provides services to the consumers as well as Producers. This includes services such as Distribution, Retail etc.
3) For a country as a Whole, we use the total value of Goods and Services produced in the country as the indicator of income of the country. The technical term denote this value is Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
4) The GDP of a country has close relation with the total number of working people in the country.
5) The GDP of a country is the value of all final Goods and Services produced in all three sectors within the country during a particular year.
6) The value of Goods and Services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year in GDP.
7) A period of Twelve months from April 1 to March 31 is called "Financial Year".
8) In most instances, unpaid works do not involve any monetary transaction and therefore, remain outside the GDP measure.
9) As new methods of manufacturing were introduced factories came up and started expanding.
10) The sum of production in three sectors namely Agriculture, Industrial and Service sectors gives what is called Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
11) Services in turn are seen to comprise of three types:-
(i) Community, Social and Personal services: Public administration, Defense, Education, Health, Media.
(ii) Finance, Insurance and Real Estate: Services of Banks, Post Office, Saving accounts, Life Insurance and Real Estate companies.
(iii) Trade, Hotels, Transport and Communication: Wholesale trade, Luxury Hotels, RTC, Railways, Newspapers, Radio.
12) According to the census of India 2011, out of 120 crore persons, 46 core people are workers, that is people are engaged in some productive activities.
13) The Agriculture sector continues to be largest employer even now.
14) In 1972-73 and 2009-10, Industrial production has increased 9 times, but Employment has increased 3 times.
15) In Service sector, Production rose by more than 14 times, while employment rose around 5 times.
16) More than half of the workers in the country are working in Agriculture sector, producing only 1/6th of the GDP.
17) Each one is doing some work but no one is fully employed. This is the situation of Underemployment.
18) This kind of Underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job and is clearly visible as Unemployed. Hence, it is also called as Disguised Unemployment.
19) This distinction between Organized and Unorganized sectors helps us to understand the working situation.
20) 92% of workers in India are found in unorganised sector and only 8% of workers find work in the organised sector.
21) Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of Employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work and enjoy security of employment.
22) The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units have remained largely outside the control of the government.