main types of soil name formation characteristics crops in tabular formate
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The soil is formed when rocks are broken down by the action of wind, water and climate. This process is called weathering. The characteristic features of a soil depend upon the rocks from which it has been formed and the kind of plants that grow in it. Soil forms different layers of particles of different sizes. Each layer is different from the other in texture, colour and chemical composition. Even the thickness of each layer is not the same. A vertical section that shows the different layers of soil is called a soil profile. Each layer is called a horizon. The classification and properties the Indian soil are discussed below:
Classification and Properties of the major soil in India
1. Alluvial Soil
Composition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humus
Formation: Silt brought by rivers
Characteristics: Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium
Distribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds and Jute
2. Black Soil (Regur)
Composition: Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.
Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks
Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry
Distribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, oilseeds and Tobacco