Question

Major causes of deforestation are I. Expansion of agriculture II. Extension of cultivation on hill III. Fire wood collection IV. Timber harvesting

Option 1:
I & II

Option 2:
I, II, III & IV

Option 3:
II & III

Option 4:
III & IV​

Answer 1

Answer:

1 ,2,3,4

hope it is correct

Answer 2

Answer:

Option 2. I, II, III & IV

Explanation:

• Deforestation broadly includes not only the conversion of forest land to non-forest land, but also degradation of denudation that reduces forest quality, density and structure of the trees, the ecology, the biomass of plants and animals, the species diversity and genetic diversity.

• Thus deforestation refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of rainforest or related ecosystems into less biodiverse ecosystems such as pasture, croplands or plantations.

• The principal causes of deforestation are population explosion in men and livestock leading to enhanced requirement of timber and fuelwood and over-grazing respectively.

• With an increased demand for agriculture, more and more land is used for cultivation which is why forests are destroyed, grasslands are ploughed, and uneven grounds are levelled. Such agricultural expansion is marked by ecological destruction.

Thus I. Expansion of agriculture is correct.

An increase in shifting jhum cultivation or Slash and Burn cultivation on hills in North-Eastern India and Orissa has aggravated the situation.

Thus II. the extension of cultivation on the hill is correct.

Trees are axed for timber, firewood and cattle ranching leading to the destruction of forests.

Thus III & IV are correct.

All the statements provided are correct regarding deforestation.

Hence option 2: I, II, III & IV is correct.