Question

Majority of angiosperms have hermaphrodite flowers, but self-pollination
is discouraged by them. Explain any three outbreeding devices that they
have developed to achieve this.
1x3​

Answer 1

ANSWER

Three outbreeding devices that flowering plants have developed:

Receptivity of stigma and release of the pollen grain is not synchronized, i.e., stigma becomes receptive much before pollens are released or after they are released to avoid self-pollination.

Self-incompatibility: A genetic method to prevent pollens from fertilizing ovules of the same flower by inhibiting their germination on stigma or pistil.

Production of unisexual flowers: So that the male and female parts will be present on different plants i.e., dioecious or on different flowers in the same plant (monoecious). This prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy.