Make a cross breeding to tall red flower plant(TTRR), with a short flower white (ttww), and show their f2 generation. And explain the ratio (9:3:3:1) of the F2 generation.
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Mendel's Laws of Heredity are usually stated as: 1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. ... 2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.
Mendel's studies yielded three "laws" of inheritance: the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. Each of these can be understood through examining the process of meiosis.
Mendel took a pure tall plant (TT) and crossed it with a dwarf (tt) plant. The progeny thus obtained was called F1 progeny (First filial progeny). Then he self pollinated the F1 progeny to obtain F2 generation. In F2 generation he found that 75% plants were tall and 25% were dwarf.
1/2 of the F2 generation (2/3 of the tall plants) are tall plants that produce 1/4 short plants and 3/4 tall plants in the next [F3] generation, if they are self-pollinated. This is the same proportion of tall to short that F1 plants produce.
Mendel noted that hybridizing true-breeding (P generation) plants gave rise to an F1 generation that showed only one trait of a characteristic. For example, a true-breeding purple-flowering plant crossed with a true-breeding white-flowering plant always gave rise to purple-flowered hybrid plants.
A dihybrid cross tracks two traits. Both parents are heterozygous, and one allele for each trait exhibits complete dominance *. This means that both parents have recessive alleles, but exhibit the dominant phenotype. The phenotype ratio predicted for dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1.
Mendel observed that the F2 progeny of his dihybrid cross had a 9:3:3:1 ratio and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds.
A phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 is predicted for the offspring of a SsYy x SsYy dihybrid cross.