Question

Make a flow chart of french revolution { with total revolution } ?

Answer 1

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In 1789. In that year, Britain was celebrating the centenary of the Glorious Revolution in various clubs set up for the purpose. It appeared that now the French were having their own version of the Glorious Revolution and many British people were encouraging and helping the French to bring the events to fruition. There was much travel between England and France and ideas were shared. However, there were different reactions in Britain to the events in France.

Those who supported events in France began to dress in the style of the Jacobins. William Blake wore the red cap of Liberty; Robert Burns sent guns to the Convention in Paris; Charles James Fox began to dress as a Jacobin. Thomas Paine went to Paris between September 1789 and March 1790. He was elected as Calais' representative to the National Assembly. He returned to France in September 1792 and was arrested as a Royalist in December 1793. He was not released until November 1794.

Between 1789 and 1792, France had a Constitutional Monarchy. The French middle classes (the bourgeoisie) wanted political rights that reflected their education and wealth. Rousseau had written his Social Contract in 1769.

At this time, French intellectualism was renowned: the philosophes and Encyclopedists were busy on new ideas of social development and the collection of knowledge. Ideas of democracy also permeated French society, coming from the effects of the American War of Independence.

The intellectuals became impatient and roused the mob, especially in Paris, to add weight to their arguments. The mob got out of hand, for example on 14 July 1789 when they stormed the Bastille in Paris and on 5 October 1789 when the women of Paris marched on Versailles.

By 1792 the Jacobins had emerged as the dominant group in French political life. They held their meetings in the Convent of the Jacobins in Paris and were extreme republican in nature. They were led by Robespierre, Marat and St Just among others. They conducted a violent campaign against all moderates, constitutionalists and monarchists. They wanted to abolish monarchy and set up a people's republic. The Jacobins overwhelmed the moderate, provincial Girondins and got their way, with the help of the Paris mob.

In April 1792 France declared war on Austria

In November 1792 they issued the Edict of Fraternity which said: 'All governments are our enemies, all people our friends'.

On 21 January 1793 Louis XVI was executed and a People's Republic was declared. The royal family, aristocrat and clergy were guillotined with the full support of the Committee of Public Safety: twelve men who effectively ruled France as a Junta. The revolts in the Vendée and in southern France were suppressed ruthlessly.

In November 1793 Christianity was replaced by the worship of the goddess of Reason and the calendar was reorganised into decimals; the months were renamed. The dates in France were re-arranged to start from 22 September 1792. This became the start of Year 1 of Liberty.

By February 1793 the new French Republic was at war with most of Europe: France was fighting Britain, Spain, Holland, the German states (349 of these), the Italian states (11 of these) and the Austro-Hungarian empire simultaneously.

The Edict of Fraternity called on European peoples to rise against their rulers, both secular and spiritual, and overthrow them. The French offered to help because they thought that they had the answer to all social, political and economic ills: liberty, equality and fraternity.

On 9 November 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in the Coup d'état de Brumaire and made himself First Consul. In 1804 he was crowned Emperor and from then until June 1815, France was governed as a military dictatorship under what effectively was an absolutist régime with Napoleon pursuing the quest for empire. The wheel had gone full circle.

Between 1804 and 1815 British opinion was almost totally against France and Napoleon as the 'imperial giant'. There was little reform in Britain despite much hardship. There was a great deal of patriotic zeal in Britain, however.

In 1815, after the Battle of Waterloo, the Allies gave France what the people had wanted in 1789: a constitutional monarchy. The Bourbons returned to power in the shape of Louis XVIII. However, the fear of revolution lived on in Britain and there continued to be little domestic reform for the next fifteen years.

Answer 2

Answer:

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