Make à list of diseases caused by deficiency of particular nutrients in body in tabular form.
Answers
Answer:
disease (and key nutrient involved) symptoms foods rich in key nutrient
Source: Gordon M. Wardlaw, Perspectives in Nutrition (1999).
xerophthalmia (vitamin A) blindness from chronic eye infections, poor growth, dryness and keratinization of epithelial tissues liver, fortified milk, sweet potatoes, spinach, greens, carrots, cantaloupe, apricots
rickets (vitamin D) weakened bones, bowed legs, other bone deformities fortified milk, fish oils, sun exposure
beriberi (thiamin) nerve degeneration, altered muscle coordination, cardiovascular problems pork, whole and enriched grains, dried beans, sunflower seeds
pellagra (niacin) diarrhea, skin inflammation, dementia mushrooms, bran, tuna, chicken, beef, peanuts, whole and enriched grains
scurvy (vitamin C) delayed wound healing, internal bleeding, abnormal formation of bones and teeth citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli
iron-deficiency anemia (iron) decreased work output, reduced growth, increased health risk in pregnancy meat, spinach, seafood, broccoli, peas, bran, whole-grain and enriched breads
goitre (iodine) enlarged thyroid gland, poor growth in infancy and childhood, possible mental retardation, cretinism iodized salt, saltwater fish
Protein-energy malnutrition
Chronic undernutrition manifests primarily as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), which is the most common form of malnutrition worldwide. Also known as protein-calorie malnutrition, PEM is a continuum in which people—all too often children—consume too little protein, energy, or both. At one end of the continuum is kwashiorkor, characterized by a severe protein deficiency, and at the other is marasmus, an absolute food deprivation with grossly inadequate amounts of both energy and protein.
An infant with marasmus is extremely underweight and has lost most or all subcutaneous fat. The body has a “skin and bones” appearance, and the child is profoundly weak and highly susceptible to infections. The cause is a diet very low in calories from all sources (including protein), often from early weaning to a bottled formula prepared with unsafe water and diluted because of poverty. Poor hygiene and continued depletion lead to a vicious cycle of gastroenteritis and deterioration of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, which interferes with absorption of nutrients from the little food available and further reduces resistance to infection. If untreated, marasmus may result in death due to starvation or heart failure.
marasmus
marasmus
A child affected by marasmus sitting in a Nigerian relief camp during the civil war that resulted from Biafra's attempt to become independent from Nigeria in the 1960s.
CDC/Dr. Lyle Conrad
Kwashiorkor, a Ghanaian word meaning the disease that the first child gets when the new child comes, is typically seen when a child is weaned from high-protein breast milk onto a carbohydrate food source with insufficient protein. Children with this disease, which is characterized by a swollen belly due to edema (fluid retention), are weak, grow poorly, and are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which may result in fatal diarrhea. Other symptoms of kwashiorkor include apathy, hair discoloration, and dry, peeling skin with sores that fail to heal. Weight loss may be disguised because of the presence of edema, enlarged fatty liver, and intestinal parasites; moreover, there may be little wasting of muscle and body fat.
Kwashiorkor and marasmus can also occur in hospitalized patients receiving intravenous glucose for an extended time, as when recovering from surgery, or in those with illnesses causing loss of appetite or malabsorption of nutrients. Persons with eating disorders, cancer, AIDS, and other illnesses where appetite fails or absorption of nutrients is hampered may lose muscle and organ tissue as well as fat stores.