⇒ Make a project file about France revelation with special reference with National
Assembly and Abolition of Slavery, with proper figures.
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Answers
Explanation:
Knowledge of the history of transatlantic human trafficking and the slave system in the Caribbean has advanced considerably since the final 30 years or so of the twentieth century.
By examining the conditions under which these practices were abolished, it is now possible to answer many questions still raised in the countries that were involved in them. Yet omissions remain. Disregard for the past, which long beset this history, led to the development of myths, and gave rise to what were usually unproductive celebrations in spite of the declared aims.
Today, a wealth of information is available from the channels for conveying this phase of history, which comprise education, research bodies, various demonstrations of public memory via all kinds of commemoration, the media and audiovisual outlets. The present articles offers a brief survey of knowledge and lines of research and work to be pursued in these different areas as far as the French colonies are concerned. This is followed by a non-exhaustive
summary of facilities for accessing existing work, along with a selective French bibliography, which should point the way to essential comparative appraisals covering other geographical
areas.
Historical research, and more generally research in the humanities and social sciences, took a decisive turn from the 1960s and 1970s as regards the colonies that had been subjected to the
slave trade and slavery. The social and political movements which then occurred there led to renewed interest in the questions with which contemporary observers confronted history. The
French colonies in the Caribbean, in which some 80% of the total population had lived under the slave system since the seventeenth century, underwent a most unusual experience involving the initial abolition of slavery in 1794, its re-establishment in 1802 and then a
second – and permanent – abolition in 1848.
As in the case of all colonies in the Caribbean and Americas, history was long written there by colonial planters, administrators and jurists who conveyed a picture of real life that was at best incomplete, if not inaccurate and mythicized. In fact, their writings formed a set of demands tied to successive contexts: the desire for free trade and grievances centred on the yearning for political autonomy akin to that of the British possessions, and for the dispatch of greater law enforcement services.
By contrast, no testimony from any slave either during the period of slavery or at the time of its abolition is available. This is a grave critical flaw in the body of documents at the disposal of historians.
There is another aspect to accessing knowledge of the past in the French colonies: the way their history was written and handed down subsequent to the events in Santo Domingo/Haiti between 1791 and 1804, and then from 1848 onwards following abolition,
suffered from a skilfully managed policy of disregard for the past. The growth of long-lasting historical myths was the major – and persistent – outcome of this reality.
Indeed, it was only from that period onwards that new questions were raised, that the official documents were re-examined, and contrasted and compared with different sources. It is said that each generation rewrites its own history. It rereads documents, discovers new ones, and expands and cross-checks information whether written, oral, literary, archaeological or
artistic. For three decades, research into transatlantic human trafficking, the slave system in the Caribbean and Americas, successive moves to abolish it and their aftermath, have made
fresh progress, providing for a real challenge to the historiography and a break with the manipulation of memory.
The celebration in 1998 of the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the French colonies and then, in 2001, the recognition of the slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity by the United Nations World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance meeting in Durban, and by the French
parliament – when it passed the law of 21 May 2001 – have initiated debates that have often been productive. But progress and achievement as a whole still leave much to be desired in
many areas. The manipulation of memory through reliance on specific means of transmission – education or commemorative rituals – gave rise to highly elaborate myths capable of
resisting both the hard truth and time. In fact, many mythical constructs dating from the immediate aftermath of abolition in 1848 survive to this day. Commemorations and educational curricula continue to lend weight to them. In France and its former colonies, citizens and historians alike are still revisiting the revolutions of 1848, and attempting to unravel the ambiguities revealed and created in the period when slavery was abolished.
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