Question

Make a project file on any five communicable diseases, covering the following points.
a) Name of the disease
b) Pathogen
c) Vector (if any)
d) Symptoms
e) Measure of prevention

Answer 1

Explanation:

c) Vector (if any)

Mark as Brainlist

Answer 2

Answer:

1) common cold

a) name of the disease - common cold

b) pathogen - more than 100 strains of viruses

c) vector -

• it spreads mostly through the nasal and oral discharge of the patient in the process of talking , laughing , sneezing , etc.
• It may also spread through contaminated objects like handkerchief , bedding, clothes , utensils , toilet articles , etc. ( called fomites).

d) symptoms -

• inflammation of upper respiratory passage
• flow of mucous
• headache , slight rise in temperature , etc.
• It lowers body resistance , leading to a number of secondary infections like pneumonia.

e) measures for prevention -

there are no effective measures to control common cold . However, eating nutitious food, avoiding contact with patients and wearing suitable clothing are suggested , to avoid common cold.

2) Tuberculosis

a) name of the disease - tuberculosis

b) pathogen - Mycobacterium tuberculosis c) vector -

• it is transmitted through air
• large number of bacteria are expelled through the sputum of the patients while eating , sneezing, talking, laughing and so on. The droplets containing viable germs may remain suspended in the air for a long time and the waxy cell walk of the tuberculosis bacillus prevents it from drying up and thus can remain viable outside the body for a long period . The germs suspended in the air may be inhaled by a healthy person .

d) symptoms-

• the affected parts develop lessions in the form of small nodules called tubercules from which , the disease gets its name.
• persistent cough
• loss of body weight

e) measures of prevention-

• keeping oneself healthy and avoiding unsanitary conditions , overcrowding and poor-ventilation.
• sunlight and fresh air are important agents that act as natural disinfectants , readily destroying the germs.
• isolation of the patients and frequent sterilization of articles used by them are also important .
• incineration of clothes containing the sputum of the patients can prevent infection.
• immunization with BCG vaccine is an effective measures to prevent this disease.

3) a) name of the disease- typhoid

b) pathogen- Salmonella typhi

c) transmission -

• through food and water
• personal contact with patient.
• housefly is a vector

d) symptoms -

• persistent fever
• inflammation and ulceration of the intestine
• enlargement of spleen and a characteristic red spot eruption on the abdomen

e) preventive measures -

• isolation of the patients
• control of flies
• hygenic food habits
• proper sanitation
• artificial immunization with typhoid vaccine

4) a) name of the disease - amoebic dysentry

b) pathogen - Entamoeba histolytica

c) vectors - housefly

d) symptoms -

• fever
• constipation , abdominal pain and cramps
• stools with excess mucous or blood clot

e) preventive measures - drinking filtered and boiled water ,eating hygenic food and maintaining proper sanitation.

5) a) name of the disease - ringworm

b) pathogen -

• Epidermophyton
• Microsporum
• Trichophyton

c) transmission - by direct contact or through fomites ( Combs , towels, etc.)

d) symptoms -

• superficial infections in skin , hair, nail , etc. for patches and itching

e) preventive measures -

avoid contact with infected persons and things used by them.