make a project on the growth in medical services in india since independence . also find out if the growth is the same in both private and public healthcare services . support your view in keeping the impact of covid-19 pandemic on the medical services in india
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Explanation:
Healthcare in India
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AIIMS New Delhi
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research at Puducherry
Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Psychiatry Department, NIMHANS, the apex centre for mental health and neuro studies education in the country.
India has a universal multi-payer health care model that is paid for by a combination of public and private health insurances along with the element of almost entirely tax-funded public hospitals.[1] The public hospital system is essentially free for all Indian residents except for small, often symbolic co-payments in some services.[2] At the federal level, a national publicly funded health insurance program was launched in 2018 by the Government of India, called Ayushman Bharat. This aimed to cover the bottom 50% (500 million people) of the country's population working in the unorganized sector (enterprises having less than 10 employees) and offers them free treatment at both public and private hospitals.[1] For people working in the organized sector (enterprises with more than 10 employees) and earning a monthly salary of up to Rs 21000 are covered by the social insurance scheme of Employees' State Insurance which entirely funds their healthcare (along with pension and unemployment benefits), both in public and private hospitals.[3][4] People earning more than that amount are provided health insurance coverage by their employers through the many public or private insurance companies. As of 2020, 300 million Indians are covered by insurance bought from one of the public or private insurance companies by their employers as group or individual plans.[5] Unemployed people without coverage are covered by the various state funding schemes for emergency hospitalization if they do not have the means to pay for it.[6] In 2019, the total net government spending on healthcare was $36 billion or 1.23% of its GDP.[7] Since the country's independence, the public hospital system has been entirely funded through general taxation.
The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002, and then again updated in 2017. The recent four main updates in 2017 mentions the need to focus on the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, on the emergence of the robust healthcare industry, on growing incidences of unsustainable expenditure due to health care costs and on rising economic growth enabling enhanced fiscal capacity.[8] In practice however, the private healthcare sector is responsible for the majority of healthcare in India, and a lot of healthcare expenses are paid directly out of pocket by patients and their families, rather than through health insurance due to incomplete coverage.[9] Government health policy has thus far largely encouraged private-sector expansion in conjunction with well designed but limited public health programmes.[10]
According to the World Bank, the total expenditure on health care as a proportion of GDP in 2015 was 3.89%.[11] Out of 3.89%, the governmental health expenditure as a proportion of GDP is just 1.8%,[12] and the out-of-pocket expenditure as a proportion of the current health expenditure was 65.06% in 2015.[13] Attracting 45 percent of health tourists visiting India and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists, Chennai is termed "India's health capital".