Question

Make a research report on " NOISE POLLUTION IN KARACHI CITY".
Your report should be on A4 size papers which should include
Types, Effects, Consequences and measures to control Noise Pollution​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Answer 2

Among all the creatures of the Almighty God, human

being is the only one who has mastered the art of dis-

rupting his environment with noise of such proportions

as deemed utterly intolerable in this world. Any un-

wanted sound produced by humans or machines is

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with communication, work, rest, recreation or sleep.1,2

The menace of noise is an open secret and excessive

noise is undoubtedly detrimental to human health and

hearing. Immediate effects of noise are in terms of

annoyance, but its cumulative effects result in either

temporary or permanent hearing loss.3

Several stud-

ies demonstrated the adverse effects of noise on car-

diovascular system, autonomic nervous system and

psyche.4-6 It is a well known fact that persistent noise

can lead to hypertension, hyperprotienemia and hy-

perlipidosis, nevertheless, the most deleterious effect

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Noise is a ubiquitous environmental hazard of the

modern world, originating from a wide variety of

sources including traffic, which plays a dominant role

in noise pollution. 11 About 60% of the population in

the European Union is exposed to excessive road traf-

fic noise.6

Indeed, traffic noise has created a global

crises as a result of which, almost the whole world is

crying out for help. Published data from all over the

world is a witness to that.12-16

Karachi is the biggest, bustling Metropolis in Pakistan.

Its estimated population is around 15 million. About 5

million vehicles ply on its roads. No wonder this city is

facing an enormous problem of uncontrolled traffic

noise emanating from a wide variety of sources such

as; Motorcycles, Autorikshaws, Cars, Wagons, Mini-

buses & Buses, Trucks, Tractors, Water tankers, Bull-

dozers and Machine drills etc.2,17

We selected two major roads of the Karachi city for

our study, owing to the observation that most of the

commuters plying those two roads, either to their work

or business or back home. With this, we aimed at de-

termining the level of traffic noise people were ex-

posed to on a daily basis in the city of Karachi and

discuss, in the light of international standards, the

amount of risk to their health and hearing which they

were subjected to, hitherto unawares.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a descriptive, cross sectional study carried out

at carefully chosen busy locations in different areas of

Karachi, utilizing six consecutive working days in the

last week of August 2008. Six different sites were

selected for study i.e. Guru Mandar (M.A Jinnah

Road), Opposite K.M.C building (M.A Jinnah Road),Merewether Tower (M.A Jinnah Road), Main Shahrah-

e-Faisal (Opposite Shah Faisal Colony), Malir Main

Road, Pioneer Fountain Phase II (Residential area as

a control), a newly constructed and inhabited area

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without much traffic (Table No I).

All Recordings were made by same persons. Kamplex

sound level meter (SLM3) with built-in calibrated con-

denser microphone was used for all recordings. Micro-

phone was guarded by polyurethane windscreen. All

measurements were made at slow response. Univer-

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ments were used in this study.

Measurements were made at 09.00 am, 11.00 am,

01.00 pm, 03.00 pm, 05.00 pm, 07.00 pm, 09.00 pm

and 11.00 pm. At each site and at each recording, the

sound level meter was mounted on a tripod at a uni-

form height of 01 meter from the ground, on the kerb.

At the six selected sites, six consecutive days were

consumed, designating one whole day for the re-

cording at one site, starting from Monday. Same team

of persons recorded the noise level at two hourly inter-

vals at aforementioned timings. Every two hours on

the hour, five measurements were made at intervals of

three minutes each and a mean value was recorded

as a sample. In addition to measuring the level of

noise, all passing vehicles were counted and re-

corded. Microsoft Excel was used to compare the

noise levels between commercial and residential ar-

eas of Karachi (Table No: II).

Two extra days were spent in evaluating traffic noise

levels during peak hours (01.00 p.m. to 02.00 p.m.)

and non-peak hours (10.00 p.m. to 11.00 p.m.) at im-

portant, busy locations in Karachi (Table No: III).

Two major roads of the city namely M.A Jinnah Road

and Shahrah-e-Faisal were selected for study. Air traf-

fic noise, Railway stations, vendors with their loud-

speakers and loud music played on certain vehicles

were all excluded from the study.