make assignment on haber's process, ostawald process and contact process
Answers
Explanation:
a) The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic.
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 , ∆H= -92 KJ/mol
b) Ostwald process to manufacture nitric acid-
Step 1: Catalytic oxidation of Ammonia
A mixture of dry air and dry ammonia in the ratio of 10:1 by volume is compressed and then passed into a platinum gauze which acts as catalyst at about 800℃.
4NH 3+5O2⟶4NO+6H2O+Heat
Step 2: Oxidation of nitric oxide
Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide at about 50°C.
2NO+O2 ⟶2NO2
Step 3: Absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water
The nitrogen dioxide and oxygen present in the air react with water to form nitric acid.
4NO2+2H2O+O2⟶ 4HNO3
Nitric acid obtained is concentrated above 50%. On further distillation, 68% nitric acid is produced.
c) The Contact Process:
● makes sulphur dioxide;
● converts the sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide (the reversible reaction at the heart of the process.
● converts the sulphur trioxide into concentrated sulphuric acid.
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