പകർച്ച വ്യാധിയും പ്രതിരോധ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ [malayalam ഉപന്യാസം]
[same in english]
Topic:
Infectious disease prevention activities [ Essay]
Answers
It was September 1854, and something was terribly wrong in London. In just ten days, 500 people became ill and died within 250 yards of the intersection of Broad and Cambridge Street. Most believed that disease was caused and spread by “miasma,” or impure air. However, one physician, John Snow, did not subscribe to the miasma theory of disease. After interviewing residents and creating a map [1] of cholera deaths, he found that most deaths came from households that drew drinking water from the Broad Street pump. He organized removal of the pump handle, which helped slow and eventually stop the outbreak
Today, we know that John Snow was dealing with cholera, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. People can develop cholera from contaminated food and water, which leads to symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea. In 19th century London, outbreaks were relatively common because human waste was often thrown into rivers and onto streets. Today, cholera is not a problem in developed countries due to improved hygiene and sewage systems. However, infectious diseases are still the source of most epidemics and outbreaks. For example, the most recent outbreaks compiled by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) were caused by the bacteria Salmonella and Listeria in sprouts and cheese, as well as the parasite Cyclospora cayetanesis in cilantro [4]. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms too small to be seen by the naked human eye. In contrast, other diseases – such as cancer and heart disease – are caused by some combination of genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle. In the following sections, we will discuss the microorganisms that cause disease, how we recover from infectious disease, and how we transfer microorganisms to one another.