Question

Mand prakram kya hai ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

किसी काम को पूरा करने के लिये कई छोटे-छोटे कार्यों को एक निश्चित क्रम में करना होता है। इसे ही प्रक्रम कहते हैं और इस क्रिया को प्रक्रमण कहते हैं। उदाहरण के लिये दूध से घी बनाने में एक के बाद एक कई काम क्रम से करने पड़ते हैं।

Answer 2

The Mond process (Mand prakram):

Explanation:

The mond process, sometimes referred to as the carbonyl process, is a technique created in 1890 by Ludwig Mond to extract and purify nickel. This process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century. This process converts nickel oxide into nickel metal with much higher purity as attainable in a single process.

This process has three steps:  

1. Nickel oxide reacts with syngas at 200 °C to give nickel, together with impurities including iron and cobalt.

$NiO(s) + H_{2} (g) → Ni(s) + H_{2} O(g)$

2. The impure nickel reacts with carbon monoxide at 50–60 °C to form the gas nickel carbonyl, leaving the impurities as solids.

$Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) → Ni(CO)_{4}(g)$

3. The mixture of nickel carbonyl and syngas is heated to 220–250 °C, resulting in decomposition back to nickel and carbon monoxide:

$Ni(CO)_{4}(g) → Ni(s) + 4 CO(g)$

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