mandel and his work on inheritence
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MENDEL CONDUCTED BREEDING EXPERIMENTS ON GARDEN PEA OUT OF SHEER INTEREST.
HE CHOSE GARDEN PEA FOR 3 REASONS:-
1) MANY VARIETIES WERE AVAILABLE IN ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF A CHARACTER.
2) VARIETIES WERE AVAILABLE IN PURE FORMS THAT BRED TRUE.
3) PEAS ARE NORMALLY SELF POLLINATED AND COULD ALSO BE CROSS POLLINATED AS WELL.
AFTER HIS GENERALIZATIONS OF HIS EXPERIMENT HE MADE THREE LAWS:-
1) LAW OF DOMINANCE:- OUT OF A PAIR OF CONTRASTING CHARACTERS PRESENT TOGETHER, ONLY ONE IS ABLE TO EXPRESS ITSELF WHILE THE OTHER REMAINS SURPRESSED. THE ONE THAT EXPRESSES IS THE DOMINANT CHARACTER AND THE ONE UNEXPRESSED IS THE RECESSIVE. THE RECESSIVE CHARACTER CAN EXPRESS ONLY WHEN THE PAIR CONSISTS OF BOTH RECESSIVES ( HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE).
2) LAW OF SEGREGATION:- THE TWO MEMBERS OF A PAIR OF FACTORS SEPARATE DURING FORMATION OF GAMETES .THEY DO NOT BLEND BUT SEGREGATE OR SEPARATE INTO DIFFERENT GAMETES. THE GAMETES COMBINE TOGETHER BY RANDOM FUSION AT THE TIME OF ZYGOTE FORMATION.
3) LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT:- WHEN THERE ARE TWO PAIRS OF CHARACTERS, THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ALLELES OF ONE CHARACTER INTO THE GAMETES IS INDEPENDENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ALLELES OF THE OTHER CHARACTER.