Many p block elements show variable valency with a difference of 2
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In the case of p-block elements the valence electron are in np orbital.
- In this case, the valence electrons get unpaired and then excited to vacant d-orbital of the same energy level.
- Thereby exhibit variable oxidation state, e.g., in halogens.
- But in the case of d-block elements these and (n – 1) d-electrons are lost.
- For example, Sc has the configuration [Ar]3d1s2. Therefore, it 4s electrons are lost it shows +2 and if in addition to 4s, 3d electrons are also lost than +3.
- Therefore, in the case of p-block elements the two oxidation states differ by two units, whereas in the case of d-block elements it differs by one unit only
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