many social customs and traditions were not come in existence (t/f)
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Answer:
Fact Sheet No.23, Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and
Children
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures ... to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct
of men and women, with a view to achieving the elimination of prejudices and customary and all other
practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of
the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women.
CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (art. 5 (a)),
adopted by General Assembly resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979.
Contents:
• Introduction
• I. An appraisal of harmful traditional practices and their effects on women and the girl child
• II. Review of action and activities by United Nations organs and agencies, Governments and NGOs
• Conclusions
Annex:
- Plan of Action for the Elimination of Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women
and Children
- Select Bibliography
Introduction
The Charter of the United Nations includes among its basic principles the achievement of international
cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all
without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion (Art. 1, para. 3).
In 1948, three years after the adoption of the Charter, the General Assembly adopted the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights,(1) which has served as guiding principles on human rights and fundamental
freedoms in the constitutions and laws of many of the Member States of the United Nations. The Universal
Declaration prohibits all forms of discrimination based on sex and ensures the right to life, liberty and
security of person; it recognizes equality before the law and equal protection against any discrimination in
violation of the Declaration.
Many international legal instruments on human rights further reinforce individual rights, and also protect-
and prohibit discrimination against-specific groups, in particular women. The Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, for example, had been ratified by 136 States as of January
1995. The Convention obliges States parties, in general, to "pursue by all appropriate means and without
delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women" (art. 2). It reaffirms the equality of human rights
for women and men in society and in the family; it obliges States parties to take action against the social
causes of women's inequality; and it calls for the elimination of laws, stereotypes, practices and prejudices
that impair women's well-being.
Traditional cultural practices reflect values and beliefs held by members of a community for periods often
spanning generations. Every social grouping in the world has specific traditional cultural practices and
beliefs, some of which are beneficial to all members, while others are harmful to a specific group, such as
women. These harmful traditional practices include female genital mutilation (FGM); forced feeding of
women; early marriage; the various taboos or practices which prevent women from controlling their own
fertility; nutritional taboos and traditional birth practices; son preference and its implications for the status
of the girl child; female infanticide; early pregnancy; and dowry price.
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