Mark the different types of soil present in the different states of
India on the map of India and the crops that can be grown in that soil.
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The major types of soils found in India are:
Laterite Soil: The term is derived from the word 'Later' which means 'brick'. They are formed from the decomposition of rocks and contain iron oxide which gives them red or pink colour. The states where this type of soil can be found are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Assam, Odisha to name a few. Laterite soil supports crops like Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane, rubber, coconut, tea, coffee and Cashew nuts.
Mountain Soils: (1) Loamy Podzols, and (2) High Altitude Soils. The mid-altitudinal zone in the Himalaya has Podzols. This soil is acidic with low humus and is found in Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Uttranchal and Himachal Pradesh. Plantation of crops like tropical fruits, coffee, tea or spices in states of south India like Kerala, Tamil Nadu.etc
Black Soil: This type of soil is made up of volcanic rocks and lava. Black soil is also known as 'regur' which is derived from a Telugu word 'reguda'.It becomes sticky in the rainy season and develops cracks when dry. Black soil is good for producing cotton, oilseeds, wheat, linseed, millets, and tobacco.
Red Soil: This type of soil is formed as a result of weathering of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The red colour of the soil comes from the high percentage of iron content. The soil's texture varies from being sandy to clayey, but it is mainly loamy. It is rich in potash content but lacks phosphate, humus and nitrogen content. The red soil is found in regions such as Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, some parts of Karnataka and southeast Maharashtra.
Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is of two types - (i) old alluvium known as bangar, and (ii) new alluvium called khaddar. It is the most important type of soil found in the country as it covers about 40% of the total land.
Disclaimer:
In olden times, soil was classified on the basis of its fertility. The soil was either 'Urvara' i.e. fertile or 'Usara' meaning non-fertile or sterile; but in this modern day various characteristics are taken into consideration and soil is classified on the basis of its texture, colour, moisture content etc. In the year 1956, Soil survey of India, an institution was established by The Government of India to study soil and its characteristics.
The major types of soils found in India are:
Laterite Soil: The term is derived from the word 'Later' which means 'brick'. Llaterite soil is found in those regions of the country which receive heavy rainfall with alternate dry and wet period - particularly, near the coasts. The states where this type of soil can be found are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Assam, Odisha to name a few. Laterite soil supports crops like Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane, rubber, coconut, tea, coffee and Cashew nuts.
Mountain Soils: This type of soil is rich in humus but has poor lime, potash and phosphorus content. (1) Loamy Podzols, and (2) High Altitude Soils. The mid-altitudinal zone in the Himalaya has Podzols. This soil is acidic with low humus and is found in Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Uttranchal and Himachal Pradesh. Maize, barley, wheat and temperate fruits are grown in this soil in the Himalayan region.
Black Soil: This type of soil is made up of volcanic rocks and lava. Black soil is also known as 'regur' which is derived from a Telugu word 'reguda'. Black soil is extremely fine and clayey and has the capacity to hold a lot of moisture. It becomes sticky in the rainy season and develops cracks when dry. Black soil is good for producing cotton, oilseeds, wheat, linseed, millets, and tobacco.
Red Soil: It is rich in potash content but lacks phosphate, humus and nitrogen content. The red soil is found in regions such as Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, some parts of Karnataka and southeast Maharashtra.
Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is of two types - (i) old alluvium known as bangar, and (ii) new alluvium called khaddar. It is the most important type of soil found in the country as it covers about 40% of the total land.
Desert Soil: The soil content has 90-95% of sand and 5-10% of clay. The phosphate content in the soil is high while the nitrogen content is low. Desert soil lacks humus and moisture and tThe water content in thise soil is fulfilled through irrigation only.
Saline and Alkaline Soil: Due to weathering, they release certain minerals such as magnesium, sodium, sulphurous acid and calcium salts.This type of soil can be found in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab and also in some parts of Gujarat.
Peat Soil: These types of soils constitute about 10 to 40% of the organic matter Peaty soils are heavy, black in colour and have high acidic content. On the other hand, marshy soils are found in coastal areas of some states such as Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Almora district of Uttaranchal and Sunderbans of West Bengal.
Laterite Soil: The term is derived from the word 'Later' which means 'brick'. They are formed from the decomposition of rocks and contain iron oxide which gives them red or pink colour. The states where this type of soil can be found are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Assam, Odisha to name a few. Laterite soil supports crops like Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane, rubber, coconut, tea, coffee and Cashew nuts.
Mountain Soils: (1) Loamy Podzols, and (2) High Altitude Soils. The mid-altitudinal zone in the Himalaya has Podzols. This soil is acidic with low humus and is found in Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Uttranchal and Himachal Pradesh. Plantation of crops like tropical fruits, coffee, tea or spices in states of south India like Kerala, Tamil Nadu.etc
Black Soil: This type of soil is made up of volcanic rocks and lava. Black soil is also known as 'regur' which is derived from a Telugu word 'reguda'.It becomes sticky in the rainy season and develops cracks when dry. Black soil is good for producing cotton, oilseeds, wheat, linseed, millets, and tobacco.
Red Soil: This type of soil is formed as a result of weathering of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The red colour of the soil comes from the high percentage of iron content. The soil's texture varies from being sandy to clayey, but it is mainly loamy. It is rich in potash content but lacks phosphate, humus and nitrogen content. The red soil is found in regions such as Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, some parts of Karnataka and southeast Maharashtra.
Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is of two types - (i) old alluvium known as bangar, and (ii) new alluvium called khaddar. It is the most important type of soil found in the country as it covers about 40% of the total land.
Disclaimer:
In olden times, soil was classified on the basis of its fertility. The soil was either 'Urvara' i.e. fertile or 'Usara' meaning non-fertile or sterile; but in this modern day various characteristics are taken into consideration and soil is classified on the basis of its texture, colour, moisture content etc. In the year 1956, Soil survey of India, an institution was established by The Government of India to study soil and its characteristics.
The major types of soils found in India are:
Laterite Soil: The term is derived from the word 'Later' which means 'brick'. Llaterite soil is found in those regions of the country which receive heavy rainfall with alternate dry and wet period - particularly, near the coasts. The states where this type of soil can be found are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Assam, Odisha to name a few. Laterite soil supports crops like Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane, rubber, coconut, tea, coffee and Cashew nuts.
Mountain Soils: This type of soil is rich in humus but has poor lime, potash and phosphorus content. (1) Loamy Podzols, and (2) High Altitude Soils. The mid-altitudinal zone in the Himalaya has Podzols. This soil is acidic with low humus and is found in Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Uttranchal and Himachal Pradesh. Maize, barley, wheat and temperate fruits are grown in this soil in the Himalayan region.
Black Soil: This type of soil is made up of volcanic rocks and lava. Black soil is also known as 'regur' which is derived from a Telugu word 'reguda'. Black soil is extremely fine and clayey and has the capacity to hold a lot of moisture. It becomes sticky in the rainy season and develops cracks when dry. Black soil is good for producing cotton, oilseeds, wheat, linseed, millets, and tobacco.
Red Soil: It is rich in potash content but lacks phosphate, humus and nitrogen content. The red soil is found in regions such as Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, some parts of Karnataka and southeast Maharashtra.
Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is of two types - (i) old alluvium known as bangar, and (ii) new alluvium called khaddar. It is the most important type of soil found in the country as it covers about 40% of the total land.
Desert Soil: The soil content has 90-95% of sand and 5-10% of clay. The phosphate content in the soil is high while the nitrogen content is low. Desert soil lacks humus and moisture and tThe water content in thise soil is fulfilled through irrigation only.
Saline and Alkaline Soil: Due to weathering, they release certain minerals such as magnesium, sodium, sulphurous acid and calcium salts.This type of soil can be found in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab and also in some parts of Gujarat.
Peat Soil: These types of soils constitute about 10 to 40% of the organic matter Peaty soils are heavy, black in colour and have high acidic content. On the other hand, marshy soils are found in coastal areas of some states such as Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Almora district of Uttaranchal and Sunderbans of West Bengal.
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