Match the following: Column - I A) Pure substances B) Mixtures C) Elements D) Compounds A B C D a) 4 3 2 1 C) 3 4 2 1 Column - II [ 1) organic, inorganic 2) metals, non-metals, metalloids and noble 3) homogeneous (or) heterogeneous 4) element, compounds A B C D b) 1 2 3 4 d) 4 2 1 3 rsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY
19
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER (ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, MIXTURES)
Substances and Mixtures
Substances are composed of pure elements or chemically bonded elements, whereas mixtures are composed of nonbonded substances.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Distinguish chemical substances from mixtures.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Matter can be broken down into two categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are further broken down into elements and compounds. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated into their original components.
A chemical substance is composed of one type of atom or molecule.
A mixture is composed of different types of atoms or molecules that are not chemically bonded.
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances where the various components can be visually distinguished.
A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and every part of the solution has the same properties.
Various separation techniques exist in order to separate matter, including include distillation, filtration, evaporation, and chromatography. Matter can be in the same phase or in two different phases for this separation to take place.
Key Terms
mixture: Something that consists of diverse, nonbonded elements or molecules.
element: A chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atom and cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction.
substance: A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It is composed of one type of atom or molecule.
Chemical Substances
In chemistry, a chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be solids, liquids, gases, or plasma. Changes in temperature or pressure can cause substances to shift between the different phases of matter.
An element is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atom and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, though they may have different numbers of neutrons and electrons.