Question

Mates...What is pollination??

Answer 1

$\huge\underline\mathfrak\red{Pollination}$

→ The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination.

It is of two types :

Self pollination : The transfer poem grains from the anther of flower to the stigma of same flower or of another flower born on same plant is called self pollination.

Cross pollination : The transfer of pollen grains from one plant to the stigma of flower of another plant is called cross pollination.

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Answer 2

Pollination

Transfer of pollen grains from the opened anther of the stamen to the receptive stigma of the carpel is called Pollination.

$\bold{\underline{Types\:of\:Pollination\::}}$

1) Self Pollination

2) Cross Pollination

Self Pollination :

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same plant.

$\bold{\underline{Types\:of\:Self-Pollination}}$

• Autogamy : When pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma of same flower.

It occurs by three methods :-

a) Cleistogamy : When flowers don't open to complete self pollination. This type of condition is known as Cleistogamy.

Example : Oxalis.

b) Homogamy : When both reproductive organs develop at the same time. This type of condition is known as Homogamy.

Reproductive organs like stamen (Androrcium) and stamen (part of Gynoecium).

Example : Potato.

c) Bud Pollination : Anthers and stigma of the bisexual flowers of some plants mature before the opening of buds to ensure self pollination.

Example : Wheat, rice etc.

• Geitonogamy : It is a kind of pollination in which the pollen from the anthers of one flower are transferred to the stigma of another flower borne on the same plant.

Cross Pollination :

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant. It is also called Xenogamy.

$\bold{\underline{Types\:of\:Cross-Pollination}}$

• Abiotic Agencies

a) Anemophily : The flowers which are wind pollinated are called Anemophilous.

• Flowers are small, colourless, odourless and nectarless.
• Pollen grains are small, light, dry and dusty.
• Calyx and corolla are either reduced or absent.
• The stigmas are large well exposed, hairy, feathery or branced to catch the air borne pollen grains.

b) Hydrophily : Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma through agency of water.

• Flowers are small, colourless, odourless and nectarless.
• Pollen grains and stigma are generally unwettable.
• The stigma are long and sticky.
• Calyx and corolla and other floral parts are unwettable.

• Biotic Agencies

a) Entomophily : Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma through agency of insects. The flowers which are insect pollinated are called Entomophilous.

• The flowers are usually large, bright coloured to attract insects.
• Different colous of flowers attract different insects.
• Small flowers bloom in bunch to attract insects.
• Usually the petals of entomophilous flowers are large and attractive.

b) Ornithophily : Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma through agency of birds.

• The flowers are large in size and have funnel shaped corollas.
• The flowers produce abundant watery nectar.

c) Chiropeterophily : Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma through agency of bats.

• The bats are noctumal flying mammals which move swiftly and transport pollen grains to long distances, sometimes over 30 kms.