Maximum and minimum velocity of different planets
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Mercury Data
Mean distance from Sun:0.387 AU = 5.79x107kmMaximum distance from Sun:0.467 AU=6.98x107kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.307 AU=4.60x107Mean orbital velocity:47.4 km/sSiderial period:87.969 daysRotation period:58.646 daysInclination of equator to orbit:0°Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:7°00'16"Orbital eccentricity:0.206Diameter(equatorial):4878 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.382Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:12.9"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:4.5"Mass:3.3x1023 kgMass(Earth=1):0.055Mean density5427 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.38Escape velocity4.3 km/sOblateness0Mean surface temperature:day350°C=662°F=623KMean surface temperature:night-170°C=-274°F=103KAlbedo0.1Brightest magnitude-1.9Mean diameter of Sun from Mercury1°22'40"MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
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Venus Data
Mean distance from Sun:0.723 AU = 1.082x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:0.728 AU=1.089x108 kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.718 AU=1.075x108 kmMean orbital velocity:35.0 km/sSiderial period:224.70 daysRotation period:243.01 days
RetrogradeInclination of equator to orbit:177.4°Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:3°23'40"Orbital eccentricity:0.007Diameter(equatorial):12,104 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.949Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:65.2"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:9.5"Mass:4.87x1024 kgMass(Earth=1):0.8150Mean density5240 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.903Escape velocity10.4 km/sOblateness0Mean surface temperature480°C=900°F=750KAlbedo0.65Brightest magnitude-4.4Mean diameter of Sun from Venus44'15"MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
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Earth Data
Mean distance from Sun:1.000 AU = 1.496x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:1.017 AU=1.521x108 kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.983 AU=1.471x108 kmMean orbital velocity:29.8 km/sSiderial period:365.256 daysRotation period:23.9345 hoursInclination of equator to orbit:23° 27'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:0°Orbital eccentricity:0.0167Diameter(equatorial):12,756 kmMass:5.976x1024 kgMean density5500 kg/m3Escape velocity11.2 km/sOblateness0.0034Mean surface temperature20°C=68°F=293KSurface temperature:max60°C=140°F=333KSurface temperature:min-90°C=-130°F=183KAlbedo*0.39Brightest magnitude-1.9Mean diameter of Sun from Earth0°32'MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
*Albedo is the fraction of light reflected from an object.
Additional data:Acceleration of gravity on surface of earth9.8 m/s2Range on earth's surface about9.77 to 9.83 m/s2Air Density, standard1.29 kg/m3Average molecular mass.0289 kg/moleAt STP a mole of air occupies22.4 liters = .0224 m3One cubic meter of air contains44.64 moles
Composition of dry airComponentPercentagePartial pressure(mmHg)Nitrogen78.08593.4Oxygen20.95159.2Argon0.937.1Carbon dioxide.030.2Elements in Earth's crustMagnetic fieldIndex
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Mars Data
Mean distance from Sun:1.524 AU = 2.279x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:1.666 AU=2.491x108kmMinimum distance from Sun:1.382 AU=2.067x108kmMean orbital velocity:24.1 km/sSiderial period:686.98 days
1.88 yrsRotation period:24hr 37m 23sInclination of equator to orbit:25° 11'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:1°50'59"Orbital eccentricity:0.093Diameter(equatorial):6794 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.532Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:25.7"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:3.5"Mass:6.42x1023 kgMass(Earth=1):0.107Mean density3940 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.380Escape velocity5.0 km/sOblateness0.006Surface temperature:max20°C=68°F=293KSurface temperature:min-140°C=-220°F=133KAlbedo0.15Brightest magnitude-2.0Mean diameter of Sun from Mars21'MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
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Jupiter Data
Mean distance from Sun:5.203 AU = 7.786x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:5.455 AU=8.157x108kmMinimum distance from Sun:4.951 AU=7.409x108kmMean orbital velocity:13.1 km/sSiderial period:11.86 yrRotation period:9hr 50m 30s
equatorialInclination of equator to orbit:3° 04'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:1°18'Orbital eccentricity:0.048Diameter(equatorial):142,984 km
133,500 km polarDiameter (Earth = 1):11.19
10.47 polarApparent diameter from Earth:Max:50.1"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:30.4"Mass:1.90x1027 kgMass(Earth=1):317.8Mean density1326 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)2.53Escape velocity59.5 km/sOblateness0.065Mean surface temperature:cloudtops-110°C=-166°F=163KAlbedo0.52Brightest magnitude-2.7Mean diameter of Sun from Jupiter6'09
Mean distance from Sun:0.387 AU = 5.79x107kmMaximum distance from Sun:0.467 AU=6.98x107kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.307 AU=4.60x107Mean orbital velocity:47.4 km/sSiderial period:87.969 daysRotation period:58.646 daysInclination of equator to orbit:0°Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:7°00'16"Orbital eccentricity:0.206Diameter(equatorial):4878 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.382Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:12.9"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:4.5"Mass:3.3x1023 kgMass(Earth=1):0.055Mean density5427 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.38Escape velocity4.3 km/sOblateness0Mean surface temperature:day350°C=662°F=623KMean surface temperature:night-170°C=-274°F=103KAlbedo0.1Brightest magnitude-1.9Mean diameter of Sun from Mercury1°22'40"MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
Index
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Venus Data
Mean distance from Sun:0.723 AU = 1.082x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:0.728 AU=1.089x108 kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.718 AU=1.075x108 kmMean orbital velocity:35.0 km/sSiderial period:224.70 daysRotation period:243.01 days
RetrogradeInclination of equator to orbit:177.4°Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:3°23'40"Orbital eccentricity:0.007Diameter(equatorial):12,104 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.949Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:65.2"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:9.5"Mass:4.87x1024 kgMass(Earth=1):0.8150Mean density5240 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.903Escape velocity10.4 km/sOblateness0Mean surface temperature480°C=900°F=750KAlbedo0.65Brightest magnitude-4.4Mean diameter of Sun from Venus44'15"MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
Index
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Earth Data
Mean distance from Sun:1.000 AU = 1.496x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:1.017 AU=1.521x108 kmMinimum distance from Sun:0.983 AU=1.471x108 kmMean orbital velocity:29.8 km/sSiderial period:365.256 daysRotation period:23.9345 hoursInclination of equator to orbit:23° 27'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:0°Orbital eccentricity:0.0167Diameter(equatorial):12,756 kmMass:5.976x1024 kgMean density5500 kg/m3Escape velocity11.2 km/sOblateness0.0034Mean surface temperature20°C=68°F=293KSurface temperature:max60°C=140°F=333KSurface temperature:min-90°C=-130°F=183KAlbedo*0.39Brightest magnitude-1.9Mean diameter of Sun from Earth0°32'MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
*Albedo is the fraction of light reflected from an object.
Additional data:Acceleration of gravity on surface of earth9.8 m/s2Range on earth's surface about9.77 to 9.83 m/s2Air Density, standard1.29 kg/m3Average molecular mass.0289 kg/moleAt STP a mole of air occupies22.4 liters = .0224 m3One cubic meter of air contains44.64 moles
Composition of dry airComponentPercentagePartial pressure(mmHg)Nitrogen78.08593.4Oxygen20.95159.2Argon0.937.1Carbon dioxide.030.2Elements in Earth's crustMagnetic fieldIndex
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Mars Data
Mean distance from Sun:1.524 AU = 2.279x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:1.666 AU=2.491x108kmMinimum distance from Sun:1.382 AU=2.067x108kmMean orbital velocity:24.1 km/sSiderial period:686.98 days
1.88 yrsRotation period:24hr 37m 23sInclination of equator to orbit:25° 11'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:1°50'59"Orbital eccentricity:0.093Diameter(equatorial):6794 kmDiameter (Earth = 1):0.532Apparent diameter from Earth:Max:25.7"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:3.5"Mass:6.42x1023 kgMass(Earth=1):0.107Mean density3940 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)0.380Escape velocity5.0 km/sOblateness0.006Surface temperature:max20°C=68°F=293KSurface temperature:min-140°C=-220°F=133KAlbedo0.15Brightest magnitude-2.0Mean diameter of Sun from Mars21'MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoComparison Table
Data from Kaufmann
Index
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Jupiter Data
Mean distance from Sun:5.203 AU = 7.786x108 kmMaximum distance from Sun:5.455 AU=8.157x108kmMinimum distance from Sun:4.951 AU=7.409x108kmMean orbital velocity:13.1 km/sSiderial period:11.86 yrRotation period:9hr 50m 30s
equatorialInclination of equator to orbit:3° 04'Inclination of orbit to ecliptic:1°18'Orbital eccentricity:0.048Diameter(equatorial):142,984 km
133,500 km polarDiameter (Earth = 1):11.19
10.47 polarApparent diameter from Earth:Max:50.1"Apparent diameter from Earth:Min:30.4"Mass:1.90x1027 kgMass(Earth=1):317.8Mean density1326 kg/m3Surface gravity (Earth = 1)2.53Escape velocity59.5 km/sOblateness0.065Mean surface temperature:cloudtops-110°C=-166°F=163KAlbedo0.52Brightest magnitude-2.7Mean diameter of Sun from Jupiter6'09
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