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Define the terms Drip irrigation and ground water depletion
Answers
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Explanation:
This World Bank study from Andhra Pradesh found that drip irrigation did not limit groundwater exploitation. Farmers who had saved water continued to draw groundwater and sell it to farmers who were water constrained.
Groundwater depletion, a growing problem in India (Image Source: India Water Portal)
Groundwater depletion, a growing problem in India (Image Source: India Water Portal)
Groundwater irrigation covers more than half of the total irrigated area in India and is responsible for 70 percent of the agricultural production, making India one of the largest users of groundwater in the world.
India, hurtling towards a groundwater crisis
But India is drying up fast! And with groundwater being neither regulated nor priced, with even electricity used for pumping being heavily subsidised and often priced at a flat tariff, the situation is getting precarious day by day warns this report titled 'Efficient irrigation and water conservation: Evidence from South India' by the World Bank.
Pricing of water and electricity can be one of the efficient ways to manage groundwater. However, political and technical constraints prohibit pricing in India. As an alternative, India is now promoting and subsidising water-efficient cultivation technologies to cope with this situation.
Water efficient cultivation technologies to cope with the groundwater crisis
India’s National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) encourages use of drip and sprinkler irrigation that increase crop productivity and reduce water requirements per acre, and offers 50 to 90 percent subsidies on their use.
However, there has been no study that has evaluated the impact of drip irrigation on groundwater use in India. This study looks at the impact of drip irrigation on groundwater use in Andhra Pradesh, a south Indian state where the NMSA is implemented through the Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP) with the assistance from the government of India and state government.
The central government provides forty percent of the cost and state governments take care of the additional ten percent for the drip irrigation system. Andhra Pradesh offers a subsidy of fifty percent and the total subsidy thus comes to around ninety percent.
The maximum amount that farmers can receive depends on their landholdings with the smallest being less than ten acres for which the maximum amount received is 100,000 Rs per farmer for a 2-acre drip system.
What is drip irrigation
Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation uses small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters or drippers that release drops of water into the soil at a slow rate. The drops are released very close to the plants so that only the roots receive water, unlike sur