Mechanism of reaction of glucose with sulphuric acid
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H2SO4 protonates the alcohol to make R−OH2+ and HSO4−, the HSO4−
then takes a hydrogen from the carbon atom adjacent to the alcohol, yielding an alkene and water. Alcohol dehydration reactions using acid are just elimination reactions.
Additionally, at temperatures above 340 degrees Celsius, sulfur trioxide exists in equilibrium with sulfuric acid in significant concentration. The presence of sulfur trioxide explains the presence of sulfur dioxide (via dissociation), or some redox chemistry occurring with the sugar.
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