medicine associated with covid-19 , chemicals and sanitizers
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The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to a broad use of chemical disinfectants in order to sterilize public spaces and prevent contamination. This paper surveys the chemicals that are effective in deactivating the virus and their mode of action. It presents the different chemical classes of disinfectants and identifies the chemical features of these compounds that pertain to their biocidal activity, relevant to surface/water disinfection
Ethanol and isopropanol are the main alcohols used as disinfectants for a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The biocidal activity of these alcohols is dependent on their concentration and hydroaffinity. The optimal concentration for antimicrobial activity is at 60–80% of alcohol where ethanol is superior to isopropanol against hydrophilic viruses, such as rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and coronaviruses, while isopropanol is more active against lipophilic viruses, such poliovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV) (Wood & Payne 1998; McDonnell & Russell 1999; Dellanno et al. 2009; Rutala, W., Weber, D. & Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee 2019). Ethanol and isopropanol are capable of destroying coronavirus at 70–90% concentrations within 30 s (Warnes et al. 2015; Kampf et al. 2020). It is believed that the alcohol causes membrane damage and denaturing of virus's proteins in addition to damaging the RNA. The strong ability of these alcohols to form hydrogen bonding and their amphoteric nature allow them to disrupt the tertiary structure of proteins by disrupting the intramolecular hydrogen bonds within the structure