Question

meiosis and stages

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Answer 1

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$\underline\color{Green}{CELL\: DIVISION}$



$\bold\color{brown}{MEOSIS\:I}$

1. Interphase:

The DNA in the cell is copied resulting in two identical full sets of chromosomes.

Outside of the nucleus are two centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles, these structures are critical for the process of cell division

During interphase, microtubules extend from these centrosomes.

2. Prophase I:

The copied chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures that can be easily seen under a microscope.

Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids containing identical genetic information.

The chromosomes pair up so that both copies of chromosome 1 are together, both copies of chromosome 2 are together, and so on.

The pairs of chromosomes may then exchange bits of DNA in a process called recombination or crossing over.

At the end of Prophase I the membrane around the nucleus in the cell dissolves away, releasing the chromosomes.

The meiotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, extends across the cell between the centrioles.

3. Metaphase I:

The chromosome pairs line up next to each other along the centre (equator) of the cell.

The centrioles are now at opposites poles of the cell with the meiotic spindles extending from them.

The meiotic spindle fibres attach to one chromosome of each pair.

4. Anaphase I:

The pair of chromosomes are then pulled apart by the meiotic spindle, which pulls one chromosome to one pole of the cell and the other chromosome to the opposite pole.

In meiosis I the sister chromatids stay together. This is different to what happens in mitosis and meiosis II.

5. Telophase I and cytokinesis:

The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite poles of the cell.

At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.

A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei.

The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus. This process is known as cytokinesis.

AND FURTHER THE PROCESS IS START AS MEOSIS 2

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