Question

Mendel's primary contribution to our understanding of inheritance was

Answer 1

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➡️ Mendel observed that a cross between two pure breeding genotypes with contrasting character produces F1 progeny which is not a blend of parental phenotypes but expresses phenotype of one parent.

➡️ The heterozygous F1 plant produces both parental phenotypes in offspring.

➡️ This means that each character is governed by a pair of a discrete unit, called factor or genes which are similar in pure breeding genotypes.

➡️ Mendel proposed the Law of segregation states that the two factors for a trait, present together in a heterozygous individual, do not get mixed and are separated during gametogenesis.

➡️ Also known as the principle of purity as the segregation of two factors brings about the purity of gametes.

➡️ But Mendel did not have any idea about the genetic basis of the law of segregation i.e. meiosis.

➡️ The chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by Morgan which states that genes, the Mendelian factors, are present on chromosomes and homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase-I of meiosis resulting in segregation of alleles of a gene controlling the contrasting traits.

➡️ The independent assortment of nonhomologous chromosomes during meiosis results in the independent assortment of two separate genes each of which carries an allelic pair.

➡️ Thus the factor for two traits should be present on two different nonhomologous chromosomes to assort independently and to produce parental and nonparental combinations.

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Answer 2

• Mendel conducted his experiments on the garden pen (Pisum sativum) and discovered the scientific principles that govern inheritance patterns, i.e., the principle of inheritance.
• He explained that the contrasting characters are controlled by units which he called factors.
• Today these factors are called genes.
• According to Mendel's principles, if an individual contains two different alleles, then the individual's gametes could have either of these two alleles (but not both).
• Blending inheritance proposes that offspring result from blended genetic material from the parent, and the genetic factors are not discrete units.
• Once blended, the combined genetic material could not be separated from each other in future generations.