Mendel studied pea plants for particular traits. When observing the results of his experiments, he created two laws of inheritance. How is a scientific law formed?
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First Law or Law of Dominance
Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
Factors occur in pairs. [pair of alleles]
In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other (recessive). The law of dominance is used to explain the expression of only one of the parental characters in a monohybrid cross [Mendel’s Experiments on Inheritance] in the F1 and the expression of both in the F 2. It also explains the proportion of 3:1 obtained at the F2.
Second Law or Law of Segregation
This law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F 2 generation though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage. Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors [either dominant or recessive]. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal prportion.
Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
Factors occur in pairs. [pair of alleles]
In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other (recessive). The law of dominance is used to explain the expression of only one of the parental characters in a monohybrid cross [Mendel’s Experiments on Inheritance] in the F1 and the expression of both in the F 2. It also explains the proportion of 3:1 obtained at the F2.
Second Law or Law of Segregation
This law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F 2 generation though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage. Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors [either dominant or recessive]. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal prportion.
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A Scientific Law is formed after repeated successful observations and experiments over a scientific theory. Here we see scientific theory explains why phenomena occur (something happens) while as scientific law describes what phenomena happen (what happens in the universe). In between the scientific theory and scientific law, comes the successful repeated predictions.
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