Question

Mention any four institutions established by Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) during his reign.

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Hazrat umar (R A)

1. GROUP MEMBERS • IQRA HANIF • AMMARA NADEEM • UM E HABIBA • FARWA MALIK

2. UNCERTAINITIES OF HAZRAT UMAR (R.A) 2ND CALIPH

3. INTRODUCTION • Born in 580 A.D. • Belonged to Adi tribe of Qureysh in Makkah. • He was about 10 years younger than the Holy Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ and both also shared the same ancestors. • He was the one who took Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) and a small group of Muslims in Kaaba to offer namaz. • He participated in all the battles of Islam with Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w). • Umar (R.A) was also one of the few educated persons, who could both read and write.

4. BEING SECOND CALIPH IN MUSLIM HISTORY • Hazrat Umar (R.A) made the social system just through Zakah to the extent that there did not exist even a single beggar on streets. • Set up courts of justice. • Established postal services, judiciary, religious institutions, libraries and police stations. • Division of larger territories into provinces for equal distribution of resources. • Allocation of salaries for minorities in conquered areas. • Started “Taraweeh” during Ramadan. • Enlargement of the Masjid ul Haram.

5. BEFORE HAZRAT UMAR (R.A)

6. EXPANSION OF MUSLIM TERITORY BY HAZRAT UMAR (R.A)

7. BAIT UL MAAL Bait ul maal was developed as a financial institution in the Islamic states. PURPOSE 1. Used to administer the taxes. 2. Reserves of food were also kept for natural disasters and famine. 3. Retirement pensions were introduced for the elderly people.

8. Revenues (Income)  Three categories are :  (1) the ‘Zakat’ and ‘Sadaqah’ .  (2) the ‘ganimah’ or spoils of war.  (3) the ‘fai’ such as Jizyah and Kharaj.

9. BAIT UL MAAL HAZRAT MUHAMMAD(P.B.U.H)  Permanent bait ul maal was not established ,no reserves were kept.  The revenues that were collected were immediately distributed. HAZRAT ABU BAKAR(R.A)  Bait ul maal was also not kept as there was no need for the reserves to be kept.

10. • Hazrat Ali(R.A) proposed that the wealth which was collected should be equally divided amongst all Muslims, without anything being kept in bait ul maal. • Hazrat Usman(R.A) advised that the records be kept of what each individual was to receive and that the bait ul maal not be left empty. TWO SUGGESTIONS