Question

mention any four methods of sustainable agriculture​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Contour Ploughing

This technique or method of farming prevents soil erosion such as reduced crop productivity, worsened water quality, lower an effective reservoir water levels, flooding and habitat destruction. It is different from terrace farming because in terracing wide steps are cut around the slopes.

In this technique or method, the ruts are perpendicular rather than slopes made by the plough, generally resulting in furrows that curve around the land and are level.

Typology of Agricultural Practices and Techniques

2. No-Till Farming

It is also known as zero tillage or direct drilling farming, is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.

It is an agricultural technique or which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.

In many agricultural regions, it can eliminate soil erosion. It increases the amount and variety of life in and on the soil, including disease causing organisms and disease suppression organisms. The most powerful benefit of no-tillage is improvement in soil biological fertility, making soils more of resilient.

3. Drip Irrigation

It is also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation. In this method, water is irrigated to the roots of the plants by dripping, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing and emitters.

Agricultural Systems which are practised around the world

4. Agroforestry

It is an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. It has a lot in common with intercropping. Both have two or more plant species (such as nitrogen-fixing plants) in close interaction. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of United nations (FAO) recognises seven major challenges and obstacles of agroforestary:

(1) Delayed return on investmen

(2) Under-developed markets

(3) Emphasis on commercial agriculture

(4) Limited awareness of the advantages of agroforestry

(5) Unclear status of land and tree resources

(6) Adverse regulations

(7) Lack of coordination between sectors

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Answer 2

Methods include crop rotation, permaculture etc.

• It alludes to horticultural practices that satisfy society's present food and fiber needs without imperiling current or people in the future's capacity to address those issues.
• It could be built on a knowledge of ecosystem services. The various methods include -

1. Crop Rotation
2. Covering Crops
3. Permaculture
4. Integrated Pest Management