Question

mention any four potential cofactors for disease progression​

Answer 1

Answer:

Prediction of risk, disease severity and costs of care are of concern to clinicians, researchers and policy makers involved in caring for, or paying for the care of patients with HIV disease. Many authors have reported on markers and cofactors that are predictive for morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, but the literature is large and, in regard to some aspects, contradictory. Here we comprehensively review these findings, indicating variables that are consensually important or unimportant for the prediction of HIV progression, variables that seem important within specific risk-groups, and variables for which evidence is precarious to draw conclusions in relation to the role they actually play. We also review staging systems that have been proposed for classifying HIV-infected patients, providing comments concerning other nonstaging-oriented classification systems. Trends are observed in the sense of combining laboratory markers and/or important clinical conditions in survival-based indices, and the search for differentiation in the disease severity among patients with advanced disease, usually treated as a unique group in the past. In addition, we focus on some findings regarding the ability of these indices to estimate health resource utilization. This paper is aimed at summarizing relevant information for those concerned with modeling HIV disease progression and those concerned with the estimation of resource use for treating HIV-infected patients.

Three major sections are presented: in the first we compare findings in the literature concerning markers and cofactors of HIV disease progression; in the second we focus on staging systems; and, in the third we provide a brief discussion of the material presented.

Explanation:

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