Mention any two administrative measures of iltutmish
Answers
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, (r. 1211–1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish
Sultan
Iltutmish Tomb N-DL-93.jpg
Illtumish Tomb in Qutub Minar Complex
Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate
Reign
June 1211 – 28 April 1236
Predecessor
Aram Shah
Successor
Rukn ud din Firuz
Died
30 April 1236
Burial
Qutb Complex, Mehrauli, Delhi
Spouses
Qutub Begum (a daughter of Qutub-ud-din Aibak)
Shah Turkan
Issue
Nasiruddin Mahmud
Razia Sultana
Muiz ud din Bahram
Rukn ud din Firuz
Religion
Sunni Islam
Sold into slavery as a young boy, Iltutmish spent his early life in Bukhara and Ghazni under multiple masters. In the late 1190s, the Ghurid slave-commander Qutb al-Din Aibak purchased him in Delhi, thus making him the slave of a slave. Iltutmish rose to prominence in Aibak's service, and was granted the important iqta' of Badaun. His military actions against the Khokhar rebels in 1205-1206 gained attention of the Ghurid Emperor Mu'izz ad-Din, who manumitted him even before his master Aibak was manumitted.
After Mu'izz ad-Din's death in 1206, Aibak became a practically independent ruler of the Ghurid territories in India, with his headquarters at Lahore. After Aibak's death, Iltutmish dethroned his unpopular successor Aram Shah in 1211, and set up his capital at Delhi. He married a daughter of Aibak, subjugated several dissidents, and gained control over much of the territory that had been lost after Aibak's death. He did not immediately claim a sovereign status, acknowledging the nominal authority of Taj al-Din Yildiz, another former slave who had gained control of the Ghurid capital Ghazni. Subsequently, a Khwarazmian invasion prompted Yildiz to move from Ghazni to India, and to demand control of the former Ghurid territories in India. Iltutmish refused to oblige, defeating and killing Yildiz at the Battle of Tarain in 1216. He also fought with Nasir ad-Din Qabacha, another former Ghuird slave, for control of Lahore. In 1221, a Mongol invasion prompted the Khwarazmian ruler Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu to move to the Indus Valley region, which became embroiled in conflicts involving Jalal ad-Din, Qabacha, and the Mongols. Iltutmish largely remained away from this region until the departure of the Mongols and Jalal ad-Din, engaging in minor skirmishes only when he saw a danger to his own territories in India.
After the departure of Jalal ad-Din from India in 1224, Iltutmish turned his focus towards eastern India, where Aibak's former subordinates had carved out an independent kingdom headquartered at Lakhnauti. Iltutmish extracted tribute from the local ruler Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah in 1225, and annexed the region in 1227 after an unsuccessful rebellion by Ghiyasuddin. During this period, he also asserted his authority over Ranthambore (1226) and Mandore (1227), whose Hindu chiefs had declared independence after Aibak's death.
In 1228, Iltutmish invaded the Indus Valley region, defeated Qabacha, and annexed large parts of Punjab and Sindh to his empire. Subsequently, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustansir recognized Iltutmish's authority in India. Over the next few years, Iltutmish suppressed a rebellion in Bengal, captured Gwalior, raided the Paramara-controlled cities of Bhilsa and Ujjain in central India, and expelled Khwarazmian subordinates in the north-west. His officers also attacked and plundered the Chandela-controlled Kalinjar area.
Iltutmish organized the administration of the Sultanate, laying the foundation for its dominance over northern India until the Mughal invasion. He introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital - the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. He set up the Iqtadari system: division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. He erected many buildings, including mosques, khanqahs (monasteries), dargahs (shrines or graves of influential people) and a reservoir (hawz) for pilgrims.
Answer:
Please mark my answer as brainliest ☺️❣️❣️❣️❣️
I hope this answer helps you
Explanation:
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, (r. 1211–1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
Iltutmish was the first Muslim ruler who paid attention might be partly, xo the administrative system of Delhi Sultanate. The earlier two rulers, Aibak and ‘Aram Shah, could not pay attention towards the administrative system; hence many evils cropped up.
First of all, in order to crush the power of opponent nobles, he organized a group of forty slaves who were helpful to the Sultan’ in every sphere of administration. “They were really powerful and very much devoted to the Sultan.
The Sultan not only appointed them as his counselors but also appointed them on various important posts in the army and administration. They played a very important role in the success of Iltutmish.
The contribution of Iltutmish in the field of justice is praiseworthy. Ibn-i-Batuta writes about it, “Two lions of marble were built in front of the palace of the Sultan and bells were hung in their necks. The oppressed used to ring these bells and justice was done to them after listening to their requests.