Question

mention any two applications of apomicts in hybrid seed industry​

Answer 1

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Apomixis is an asexual mode of plant reproduction through seeds. A common feature of all apomicts is the autonomous development of embryos and the generation of progenies that are exact genetic replicas of the mother plant. The aims of studying apomixis are to unlock the diversity of apomictic plants and to make it feasible to transfer apomixis to agriculturally important genotypes, therefore conferring them the ability of cloning through seeds. In this chapter we present a short review on the incidence of apomixis in plants of floricultural interest and the description of the recent advances in the molecular and genetic characterization of natural apomicts.

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Answer 2

Apomixis is the asexual production of seeds, so that apomictic seeds are clones of the mother plant. The production of viable seeds without pollination or fertilisation, is called apomixis. These seeds are produced from flowers, just as regular seeds, but no pollen is involved. The underlying mechanism of generating apomictic seeds is that seeds arise from a plant's sexual cells, which fail to go through the cellular mechanism underlying sexual reproduction i.e meiosis. Alternatively, seeds can be generated from non-sexual somatic cells too. The plants grown from such seeds are perfect clones of the original plant. For example, Mangosteen produces apomictic seeds within the fruit. Even dandelion produces many apomictic seeds.  Advantage of apomixis is that it would drastically reduce the cost of hybrid production, so that plant breeders produce new varieties of seeds more quickly and more cheaply. Disadvantage of apomictic seeds, is that it reduces genetic diversity from parent to offspring plants due to lack of variations in asexual reproduction.