Question

mention briefly the adaptive features in xerophytes

Answer 1

They have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent loss of water. Some have leaves turned into spines to prevent loss of water by transpiration and have thick fleshy stems that store water. They also have long roots to extract most of the water.

Answer 2

The types of adaptations possessed by xerophytes are extensive! We'll focus here on broad adaptations shared by several different species. The first adaptation has to do with their stomata and limiting water loss. Stomata are the microscopic openings in leaves that permit gas exchange. Think of them as pores for plants. And just like human pores release sweat, plant stomata release water in the form of water vapor. Certain xerophytes have a waxy covering over their stomata, thus curbing water loss. Others contain very few stomata, or stomata that only open at night when it's cooler. Each of these adaptations limits water loss and allows the plant to survive in dry environments. An example of this type of plant is Adam's Needle (Yucca filamentosa). This plant can survive in harsh dry desert environments because of its waxy covering.