Mention charterctist of Asthenospers.
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The asthenosphere is the upper part of the Mantel where all of the action takes place to move the continents. Pretty easy to envision using the picture above. The density is more than the lithosphere and therefore the oceanic and continental crust ride on it until they reach a place where the convection current cools and begins to go back toward the core. This effect is seen in the crust as a subduction zone. A classic example of this is the west coast of South America. The mid-ocean ridges develop due to heat from below that causes the upper mantel to rise. Classic example of this feature is the Mid-Atlantic ridge that runs roughly from the tip of Africa/South America northward to where it comes near the surface in Iceland. This ridge marks the place where the South American and African continents were joined approximately 250 million years ago. Much more to the story but this is a start.
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The asthenosphere (from Greek ἀσθενής asthenḗs 'weak' + "sphere") is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductilelydeforming region of the upper mantle of the Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, at depths between approximately 80 and 200 km (50 and 120 miles) below the surface. The Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary is usually referred to as LAB.The asthenosphere is almost solid, although some of its regions could be molten (e.g., below mid-ocean ridges). The lower boundary of the asthenosphere is not well defined. The thickness of the asthenosphere depends mainly on the temperature. However, the rheology of the asthenosphere also depends on the rate of deformation, which suggests that the asthenosphere could be also formed as a result of a high rate of deformation. In some regions the asthenosphere could extend as deep as 700 km (430 mi). It is considered the source region of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB).
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