Mention different type of agricultural praction
in the world. describe them inshort-
Answers
Answer: Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock . Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture into the twenty-first.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. Fallow
The soil loses its fertility due to continuous cultivation. Therefore, the land is left fallow time to time for some period, so that it may regain its natural fertility.
2. Crop Rotation
This practice is followed to avoid the land from being left fallow or to reduce the duration of leaving the land fallow. The most common crops grown in crop rotation are leguminous plants, which fix the atmospheric nitrogen naturally.
3. Mixed Cropping
In this practice, two or three crops are simultaneously grown on an agricultural land so that the nutrients utilized by one crop can be replaced to some extent by the other crops. The ratio of crops to be mixed varies according to the methods applied and the local needs.
4. Two-Cropping Agriculture
In this practice, two crops are cultivated in rotation in a year. It is practice in those areas where there is adequate rainfall or proper facility of irrigation. The second drop grown is, normally, the nitrogen fixing crops i.e. leguminous crop.
Traditional Agriculture and its impact on the environment
5. Multi-cropping Agriculture
In this practice generally three crops are cultivated in a year and are common in those regions where availability of early maturing varieties of crops and better water management techniques.
6. Relay Cropping
When a new crop is sown, while the ripening crop is still standing in the field then, it is termed as relay cropping.
7. Crop-Productivity
It refers to the amount of production of crop per hectare or per worker. In the areas of extensive agriculture, per worker productivity is high whereas, in the areas of intensive agriculture per hectare productivity is high.
8. Agricultural Efficiency
It is concerned with what maximum quantity is produced in a minimum time and at what price it is sold.
9. Crop Intensity
The arable land can hardly be stretched further in the countries like India. Therefore, it is essential to obtain more than one crop from the land in a year. The optimum agricultural use of a land is termed as crop intensity.