Mention some of the limitations of political institution
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Answer:
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Explanation:
The Relevance of Institutional Political Science Approaches
Consensual political institutions may lead to higher levels of policy continuity, as outlined by Lijphard (1999), which in turn could positively affect the success of climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector. This approach also takes on the theoretical concept of “encompassing organizations” (Olson, 1982), which examines the relationships between political and societal actors and their ability or inability to agree upon policies that enjoy broad majorities in both politics and society. According to Crepaz (1998) multiparty coalition governments with proportional representation and negotiation have a higher chance of lowering unemployment and inflation and thus creating a more favorable socioeconomic environment. Crepaz (1995) and Lijphard (1999) develop conceptual frameworks and provide supporting evidence that in comparison to more majoritarian, exclusionary, and adversarial countries, governments with consensual, inclusive, and accommodative constitutional structures and wider popular cabinet support act more politically responsibly.
In countries characterized by corporatist institutional structures, major policy issues are negotiated in a joint effort between different interest groups. Studies in this area usually focus on the relationship between unions and employer organizations negotiating socioeconomic policies, but can be similarly applied to peak environmental organizations and industry. Policy coordination among these organized interests facilitates favorable policy outcomes, which in the case of this study means lowered levels of greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. A high level of corporatism may hence influence the implementation and improvement of policies with a long-term focus. A number of elements can be observed which may further enhance this effect, for example: comparatively encompassing interest groups, a consensual social partnership, and a broad acceptance of government regulation due to a history of strong penetration of the state in areas such as the labor market and social policy (Scruggs, 1999). In corporatist countries, interest groups are a fixed part of the policy process and broaden the basis of policies, which creates the high level of continuity required for long-term investments. Groups are locked into certain policy directions through this coalition building, which further enhances policy progress, which is almost self-reinforcing (Katzenstein, 1978, 1977). Several countries with an open economy used corporatist structures to cope with increasing policy pressures to respond to economic downturn, high unemployment, and inflation rates triggered by the 1970s oil price shocks (Goldthorpe, 1984; Katzenstein, 1978; Woldendorp, 1997).
The concept of coordinated market economies is very similar to the general concept of corporatism. It equally relies on formal institutions to regulate the market and coordinate the interaction of firms and their relations with suppliers, customers, and employees (Hall and Soskice, 2001). Coordinated market economies can be characterized as having long-term relations between key actors in the economy, trade unions, and employer associations whose relationship was given particular focus in research. These long-term, cooperative relations provide coordinated market economies with a comparative advantage. They positively affect the policy continuity and policy capability of a country in a similar way as corporatist structures do.
Answer:
Some limitations of a political institutions are as follows-
1. Political Institutions can take decisions by themselves but the decisions should be in favour of the country or state.
2. Political Institutions can suggest change in any bill but if the bill got passed by both the houses than Political Institution have to sign it.
3. Political Institution have to work properly for public otherwise it can be easily dissolve ( this had not happened till yet but it can take place)
Explanation:
Political Institutions have powers but it should used in limits otherwise the 2 houses(lok sabha and Rajya Sabha) can easily take action on the institution.
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