mention the characteristic features of different vertebrates along with examples
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vertebrates have the same common features: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. Vertebrates are further differentiated from chordates by their vertebral column, which forms when their notochord develops into the column of bony vertebrae separated by discs.
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A vertebrate is an animal that has all of the following characteristic features at some point in its life:
- A stiff rod running through the length of the animal (it could either be the vertebral column and/or notochord)
- Humans and all other vertebrates possess a notochord as an embryo and it eventually develops into the vertebral column.
- A bundle of nerves run above the vertebral column (spinal cord) and the alimentary canal exists below it.
- The mouth is present at the anterior portion of the animals or right below it.
- The alimentary canal ends in the anus, which opens to the exterior. The tail extends after the anus.
Example: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes (all fishes); Amphibia (amphibians); Reptilia (reptiles); Aves (birds); and Mammalia (mammals).
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