mention the functions of endoplasmic retailing and Golgi apparatus
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Answer:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is like a little factory inside the cells of animals and plants. Read more about this fascinating structure and how it makes and distributes the products that cells need to function correctly.
Definition of the Smooth ER
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or smooth ER, is an organelle found in both animal cells and plant cells. An organelle is a sub-unit within a cell that has a specialized function.
The main function of the smooth ER is to make cellular products like hormones and lipids. It also distributes those products throughout the cell and to places in the organism. The smooth ER also regulates and releases calcium ions and processes toxins. It is described as 'smooth' to distinguish it from rough ER, which has ribosomes for protein synthesis on its surface.
Each organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell is responsible for performing a certain function. Rough and smooth ER each manufacture different products for the cell.
cell with organelles
Smooth ER is Like a Factory
You can think of the smooth ER as a factory manufacturing many of the products that a cell needs to function. Exactly what it makes depends on the type of cell. Imagine two factories in two different locations. One is in the middle of farm country, where corn grows as far as the eye can see. The other is on the coast of the ocean where fishing is the main industry. The factory in farmland manufactures corn syrup to be used in a number of packaged foods. The ocean-side factory manufactures canned fish products. Each factory makes and distributes the type of product that makes sense for its location.
Smooth ER also makes or distributes products according to its location. In muscle cells, it releases calcium ions because they are required for muscle contraction. In cells of the endocrine system, which is responsible for regulating hormones, smooth ER makes steroid hormones.
The Structure of Smooth ER
Smooth ER consists of a long network of a folded, tube-like structure. You can think of it like a pipeline with a lot of twists and turns. The interior of the smooth ER is called the lumen, which is enclosed by a phospholipid membrane, just like the membrane that encloses the entire cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum :
1) rough E.R is involved in the synthesis of proteins
2) smooth E.R is involved in the formation of lipids and sterols.
3) S.E.R is involved in detoxification of drugs and in contraction of muscles .
Golgi apparatus :
1) involved in modification and packaging of substances inside the cell.
2) formation of lysosomes.
3) glycosylation of proteins and glycosidation of lipids.
4) formation of cell plate during cell division at the time of cytokinesis.