Mention the geographical condition required for the growth of rice, wheat and cotton along with their producing states.
Answers
Answer:
1) It grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climate. 2) It requires deep and well drained soil rich in humus. 3) It requires warm and frost free days. The temperature should be between 20-30 degree celcius.
Explanation:
Rice:
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
Rice grows best in areas of warm, humid climate; rice requires temperatures between 20°C and 35°C and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or irrigation facilities.
Fertile soil. Delta and valley soils are the most suitable. Soils with higher clay content are preferred for its cultivation due to their better moisture retention capacity.
Important Producing Areas:
West Bengal (highest producer), Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab (highest per hectare yield), Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Haryana.
About 25% of the arable land is used for the cultivation of rice.
Wheat
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It is a crop of temperate climate. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C and requires a moderate amount of rainfall of 25-75 cms. It can be grown in the drier areas with the help of irrigation.
Well drained loamy and clayey soils are ideal.
Important Producing Areas:
Wheat is cultivated on about 14% of the total arable area of the country.
There are two important wheat producing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and the black soil region in the Deccan.
In north India, wheat is sown in October – November and harvested in March – April. In south India, it is sown in September-October and harvested in December – January. Wheat takes lesser time in ripening in south India than that in the north because of hotter climatic conditions in the south.
Uttar Pradesh (highest producer), Punjab (highest yield per hectare), Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Uttarakhand.
Cotton:
(i) Cotton grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. (ii) It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation. (iii) It also requires 210 frost free days and bright sunshine for its growth. (iv) It’s a Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature. (v) Major cotton producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
Explanation:
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