Social Sciences, asked by shanon2005, 6 months ago

mention the housing programmes implemented by panchayath Raj system
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Answers

Answered by iymanmalik1994
1

Explanation:

There are no universally accepted approaches to rural development. It is a choice

influenced by time, space and culture. The term rural development connotes overall

development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In this sense, it is

a comprehensive and multidimensional concept, and encompasses the development of

agriculture and allied activities, village and cottage industries and crafts, socio-economic

infrastructure, community services and facilities and, above all, human resources in rural

areas. As a phenomenon, rural development is the end-result of interactions between

various physical, technological, economic, social, cultural and institutional factors. As a

strategy, it is designed to improve the economic and social well-being of a specific group

of people – the rural poor. As a discipline, it is multi-disciplinary in nature, representing

an intersection of agriculture, social, behavioural, engineering and management

sciences. (Katar Singh 1999).

In the Indian context rural development assumes greater significance as 72.22 per cent

(according to the 2001 census) of its population still live in rural areas. Most of the

people living in rural areas draw their livelihood from agriculture and allied sectors (60.41

% of total work force), and poverty mostly persists here (27.1 % in 1999-2000). At the

time of independence around 83 per cent of the Indian population were living in rural

areas. Accordingly, from the very beginning, our planned strategy emphasized rural

development and will continue to do so in future. Strategically, the focus of our planning

was to improve the economic and social conditions of the underprivileged sections of

rural society. Thus, economic growth with social justice became the proclaimed objective

of the planning process under rural development. It began with an emphasis on

agricultural production and consequently expanded to promote productive employment

opportunities for rural masses, especially the poor, by integrating production,

infrastructure, human resource and institutional development measures.

During the plan periods, there have been shifting strategies for rural development. The

First Plan (1951-56) was a period when community development was taken as a method

and national extension services as the agency for rural development. Co-operative

farming with local participation was the focus of the Second Plan (1956-61) strategy. The

Third Plan (1961-66) was the period of re-strengthening the Panchayati Raj System

through a democratic decentralized mechanism. Special Area Programmes were started

for the development of backward areas in the Fourth Plan (1969-74). In the Fifth Plan

(1974-79), the concept of minimum needs programme was introduced to eradicate

poverty in rural areas. There was a paradigm shift in the strategy for rural development

in the Sixth Plan (1980-85). The emphasis was on strengthening the socio-economic

infrastructure in rural areas, and initiatives were taken to alleviate disparities through the

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). During the Seventh Plan (1985-90),

a new strategy was chalked out to create skill-based employment opportunities under

different schemes. Special programmes for income generation through creation of

assets, endowments and land reforms were formulated for participation by the people at

the grassroots level.

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