Question

Mention the negative aspects of a large population

Answer 1

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Negative effects of Overpopulation

Poverty: As a result of overpopulation, the available resources would not be able to do round and this will result to poverty in the country.
Unemployment: Overpopulation leads to unemployment, this is as a result of the number of people looking for job outruns available resources.
Social Problems: Overpopulation brings about social problems such as bribery, prostitution, armed robbery etc.
A decrease in the standard of living: Overpopulation leads to a fall in the standard of living. As a result of increased number of people, demand for essential commodities becomes highly competitive and it is those that are rich that would be able to afford them, thereby bringing a fall in the standard of living.
Brain drain
Increase in Government expenses
Possible increase in dependency ratio
Low Per capita income if production level does not increase
Increase in imports, which will result to balance of payments deficit
Shortage of food
Difficulty in educating the children
Under utilization of Labor


Regards Vishal

Answer 2

1. Population reduces the Rate of Capital Formation:

In underdeveloped countries, the composition of population is determined to increase capital formation. Due to higher birth rate and low expectation of life in these countries, the percentage of dependents is very high. Nearly 40 to 50 per cent of the population is in the non-productive age group which simply consumes and does not produce anything.

In under developed countries, rapid growth of population diminishes the availability of capital per head which reduces the productivity of its labour force. Their income, as a consequence, is reduced and their capacity to save is diminished which, in turn, adversely affects capital formation.





2. Higher Rate of Population requires more Investment:

In economically backward countries, investment requirements are beyond its investing capacity. A rapidly growing population increases the requirements of demographic investment which at the same time reduces the capacity of the people to save.

This creates a serious imbalance between investment requirements and the availability of investible funds. Therefore, the volume of such investment is determined by the rate of population growth in an economy. Some economists have estimated that for maintaining the present level of per capita income, 2 per cent to 5 per cent of national income must be invested if population grows at 1 per cent per annum.

In these countries, population is increasing at the rate of about 2.5 per cent per annum and 5 per cent to 12.5 per cent of their national income and hence the entire investment is absorbed by demographic investment and nothing is left for economic development. These factors are mainly responsible for stagnation in such economies.

3. It reduces per Capita Availability of Capital:

The large size of population also reduces per capita availability of capital in less developed countries. This is true in respect of underdeveloped countries where capital is scarce and its supply is inelastic. A rapidly growing population leads to a progressive decline in the availability of capital per worker. This further leads to lower productivity and diminishing returns.