mention the properties of electromagnetic radiation
Answers
Answer:
These magnetic and electric waves travel perpendicular to each other and have some characteristics like wavelength, amplitude, and frequency. Some basic properties of Electromagnetic Radiation are given in the points mentioned below. ... Wavelength is commonly characterized by the symbol 'λ'.
Answer:
Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that is produced by oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance, or by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a vacuum or matter. The electric and magnetic fields come at right angles to each other and combined wave moves perpendicular to both magnetic and electric oscillating fields thus the disturbance. Electron radiation is released as photons, which are bundles of light energy that travel at the speed of light as quantized harmonic waves. This energy is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength into the electromagnetic spectrum. Theseelectric and magnetic waves travel perpendicular to each other and have certain characteristics, including amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.
General Properties of all electromagnetic radiation:
Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space. Most other types of waves must travel through some sort of substance. For example, sound waves need either a gas, solid, or liquid to pass through in order to be heard.
The speed of light is always a constant. (Speed of light : 2.99792458 x 108 m s-1)
Wavelengths are measured between the distances of either crests or troughs. It is usually characterized by the Greek symbol λλ.
Waves and their Characteristics

Fig. 1 & 2: Electromagnetic Waves

Fig. 3: An EM Wave
Amplitude
Amplitude is the distance from the maximum vertical displacement of the wave to the middle of the wave. This measures the magnitude of oscillation of a particular wave. In short, the amplitude is basically the height of the wave. Larger amplitude means higher energy and lower amplitude means lower energy. Amplitude is important because it tells you the intensity or brightness of a wave in comparison with other waves.
Wavelength
Wavelength (λλ) is the distance of one full cycle of the oscillation. Longer wavelength waves such as radio waves carry low energy; this is why we can listen to the radio without any harmful consequences. Shorter wavelength waves such as x-rays carry higher energy that can be hazardous to our health. Consequently lead aprons are worn to protect our bodies from harmful radiation when we undergo x-rays. This wavelength frequently relationship is characterized by:
c=λν(1)(1)c=λν
where
c is the speed of light,
λλ is wavelength, and
νν is frequency.
Shorter wavelength means greater frequency, and greater frequency means higher energy. Wavelengths are important in that they tell one what type of wave one is dealing with.

Fig. 4: Different Wavelengths and Frequencies
Remember, Wavelength tells you the type of light and Amplitude tells you about the intensity of the light
Frequency
Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per second, and is expressed as sec-1 or Hertz (Hz). Frequency is directly proportional to energy and can be express as:
E=hν(2)(2)E=hν
where
E is energy,
h is Planck's constant, (h= 6.62607 x 10-34 J), and
νν is frequency.
Period
Period (T) is the amount of time a wave takes to travel one wavelength; it is measured in seconds (s).
Velocity
The velocity of wave in general is expressed as:
velocity=λν(3)(3)velocity=λν
For Electromagnetic wave, the velocity in vacuum is 2.99×108m/s2.99×108m/s or 186,282186,282 miles/second.
Electromagnetic spectrum

Figure 24.5.1: Electromagnetic spectrum with light highlighted. Image used with permission from Wikipedia.
As a wave’s wavelength increases, the frequency decreases, and as wave’s wavelength decreases, the frequency increases. When electromagnetic energy is released as the energy level increases, the wavelength decreases and frequency decreases. Thus, electromagnetic radiation is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength or frequency into the electromagnetic spectrum. The different types of electromagnetic radiation shown in the electromagnetic spectrum consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we are able to see is the visible light spectrum.

Fig. 6: Electromagnetic Spectrum with Radiation Types
Radiation Types
Radio Waves are approximately 103 m in wavelength. As the name implies, radio waves are transmitted by radio broadcasts, TV broadcasts, and even cell phones. Radio waves have the lowest energy levels. Radio waves are used in remote sensing, where hydrogen gas in space releases radio energy with a low frequency and is collected as radio waves. They are also used in radar systems, where they release radio energy and collect the bounced energy back. Especially useful in weather, radar systems are used to can illustrate maps of the surface of the Earth .