mention the three types of jurisdiction
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There are three main types of judicial jurisdiction: personal, territorial and subject matter: Personal jurisdiction is the authority over a person, regardless of their location.
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1. Jurisdiction over the subject-matter:
Certain courts are precluded from entertaining suits of particular classes by status. Thus, a small cause court can try only such suits as a suit for money due on account of an oral loan or under a bond or promissory note, a suit for price of work done, etc., but it has no jurisdiction to try suits for specific performance of contracts for a dissolution of partnership, for an injunction or suits relating to immovable property.
2. Territorial Jurisdiction:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Every court has its own limits, fixed by the State Government, beyond which it cannot exercise its jurisdiction. Thus, the District Judge is in charge of the district and cannot exercise his power beyond that district. The Munsif West and Munsif East are in charge of the areas assigned to them. The High Court has jurisdiction over the whole territory of the State.
3. Pecuniary Jurisdiction:
Throughout India there are a large number of civil courts of different grades having jurisdiction to try suits or hear appeals of different amounts or value. Some of these courts have unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction. Thus the High Court, the District Judge and the Civil Judge have unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction. Other courts have only a limited pecuniary jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the Munsifs in Uttar Pradesh is limited. Further, on the small cause court’s side the Civil Judge’s jurisdiction is limited. A small Cause Court Judge also exercises a limited pecuniary jurisdiction.
4. Original or Appellate Jurisdiction:
The jurisdiction of a court may again be Original or Appellate. In the exercise of its original jurisdiction a court entertains original suits, while in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction it entertains appeals.
The Munsifs court and the court of small causes have only original jurisdiction; the District Judge’s court and the various High Courts have both original and appellate jurisdiction.
Certain courts are precluded from entertaining suits of particular classes by status. Thus, a small cause court can try only such suits as a suit for money due on account of an oral loan or under a bond or promissory note, a suit for price of work done, etc., but it has no jurisdiction to try suits for specific performance of contracts for a dissolution of partnership, for an injunction or suits relating to immovable property.
2. Territorial Jurisdiction:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Every court has its own limits, fixed by the State Government, beyond which it cannot exercise its jurisdiction. Thus, the District Judge is in charge of the district and cannot exercise his power beyond that district. The Munsif West and Munsif East are in charge of the areas assigned to them. The High Court has jurisdiction over the whole territory of the State.
3. Pecuniary Jurisdiction:
Throughout India there are a large number of civil courts of different grades having jurisdiction to try suits or hear appeals of different amounts or value. Some of these courts have unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction. Thus the High Court, the District Judge and the Civil Judge have unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction. Other courts have only a limited pecuniary jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the Munsifs in Uttar Pradesh is limited. Further, on the small cause court’s side the Civil Judge’s jurisdiction is limited. A small Cause Court Judge also exercises a limited pecuniary jurisdiction.
4. Original or Appellate Jurisdiction:
The jurisdiction of a court may again be Original or Appellate. In the exercise of its original jurisdiction a court entertains original suits, while in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction it entertains appeals.
The Munsifs court and the court of small causes have only original jurisdiction; the District Judge’s court and the various High Courts have both original and appellate jurisdiction.
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