mention uses of phosphorus, sulphur, copper,iron,aluminium,hydrogen.
Answers
Answer:
1) phosphorus
Phosphorus is a vital plant nutrient and its main use – via phosphate compounds – is in the production of fertilizers. Just as there are biological carbon and nitrogen cycles, there is also a phosphorus cycle. Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches (red phosphorus), pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Melting point: 44.2 oC, 317.3 K
Boiling point: 280.5 oC, 553.7 K
Neutrons in most abundant isotope: 16
2) sulpher
Sulfur is used in the vulcanisation of black rubber, as a fungicide and in black gunpowder. Most sulfur is, however, used in the production of sulfuric acid, which is perhaps the most important chemical manufactured by western civilisations. The most important of sulfuric acid’s many uses is in the manufacture of phosphoric acid, to make phosphates for fertilisers.
Mercaptans are a family of organosulfur compounds. Some are added to natural gas supplies because of their distinctive smell, so that gas leaks can be detected easily. Others are used in silver polish, and in the production of pesticides and herbicides.
Sulfites are used to bleach paper and as preservatives for many foodstuffs. Many surfactants and detergents are sulfate derivatives. Calcium sulfate (gypsum) is mined on the scale of 100 million tonnes each year for use in cement and plaster.
Sulfur is essential to all living things. It is taken up as sulfate from the soil (or seawater) by plants and algae. It is used to make two of the essential amino acids needed to make proteins. It is also needed in some co-enzymes. The average human contains 140 grams and takes in about 1 gram a day, mainly in proteins.
Sulfur and sulfate are non-toxic. However, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are all toxic. Hydrogen sulfide is particularly dangerous and can cause death by respiratory paralysis.
Sulfur dioxide is produced when coal and unpurified oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere causes acid rain. This can cause lakes to die, partly by making toxic aluminium salts soluble, so that they are taken up by living things.
Sulfur occurs naturally as the element, often in volcanic areas. This has traditionally been a major source for human use. It is also widely found in many minerals including iron pyrites, galena, gypsum and Epsom salts.
Elemental sulfur was once commercially recovered from wells by the Frasch process. This involved forcing super-heated steam into the underground deposits to melt the sulfur, so it could be pumped to the surface as a liquid.
Modern sulfur production is almost entirely from the various purification processes used to remove sulfur from natural gas, oil and tar sands. All living things contain sulfur and when fossilised (as in fossil fuels) the sulfur remains present. If unpurified fossil fuels are burnt, sulfur dioxide can enter the atmosphere, leading to acid rain.
3) Copper
Most copper is used in electrical equipment such as wiring and motors. This is because it conducts both heat and electricity very well, and can be drawn into wires. It also has uses in construction (for example roofing and plumbing), and industrial machinery (such as heat exchangers).
4)iron
It is used to manufacture steel and also used in civil engineering like reinforced concrete, girders etc.
Iron is used to make alloy steels like carbon steels with additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, and manganese.
These are used to make bridges, electricity pylons, bicycle chains, cutting tools and rifle barrels.
Cast iron contains 3–5% carbon. It is used for pipes, valves, and pumps.
Iron catalysts are used in the Haber process for producing ammonia.
Magnets can be made of this metal and its alloys and compounds.
5)Aluminium
Aluminium is widely used in the packaging industry for the production of coils, cans, foils, and other wrapping materials.
It is also a component of many commonly used items such as utensils and watches.
In construction industries, aluminium is employed in the manufacture of doors, windows, wires, and roofing.
It is used in the transport industry for the production of cycles, spacecraft, car bodies, aircraft and marine parts.
Many coins are made up of alloys that contain aluminium.
Aluminium also finds applications in the production of paints, reflective surfaces, and wires.
6)Hydrogen
Hydrogen finds a variety of application due to its dual nature. Following are some important uses of hydrogen:
Hydrogen is used in the synthesis of ammonia and the manufacture of nitrogenous fertilizers.
Hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils for manufacturing vanaspati fat.
It is used in the manufacture of many organic compounds, for example, methanol.
Hydrogen chloride is a very useful chemical and is prepared from hydrogen.
Hydrogen can reduce many metal oxides to metals by metallurgical processes.
Hydrogen is used as rocket fuel in many space research activities.
Hydrogen fuel is being experimented within the automotive industry with hydrogen fuel cells.
Hope this heps you.
Answer:
Phosphorus is a vital plants material