Question

Merit of Rutherford's model

Answer 1

$\huge{\bf{\underline{\red{Rutherford\; Model\; of\; Atom}}}}$

✿ All the positive charges and nearly all the mass of atom is present inside the nucleus, Which is situated at the center of the atom.

✿ Electron revolve around the nucleus is well - defined orbits.

✿ The size of the nucleus is very small in comparison to the size of an atom.

$\huge{\bf{\underline{\red{Merits\; of \; Rutherford\; Model\; of\; Atom}}}}$

❀  Rutherford discovered the prescence of nucleus in atom by his experiment.

❀ Rutherford assumed that most of the atom is hallow and small centre point called nucleus.

❀ he imagined that electrons revolve around nucleus like planets around sun.

$\huge{\bf{\underline{\red{Limitation\; of \; Rutherford\; Model\; of\; Atom}}}}$

♥ The model is applicable for one electron system.

♥ According to Rutherford as the electron revolves around the nucleus it liberates energy regularly so when the electron loses all its energy it should fall in the nucleus which was impossible.

♥ The model does not give the objection raised by Clerk Maxwell related to continuous emission of energy by electron.

♥ The Rutherford's model of atom does not say anything about the arrangement of electrons in an atom.

Answer 2

Rutherford Modal Of Atom:-

Based on the above observations and conclusions, Rutherford proposed the atomic structure of elements. According to the Rutherford atomic model:

⇒ The positively charged particles and most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in an extremely small volume. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus.

⇒ Rutherford model proposed that the negatively charged electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. He also claimed that the electrons surrounding the nucleus revolve around it with very high speed in circular paths. He named these circular paths as orbits.

⇒ Electrons being negatively charged and nucleus being a densely concentrated mass of positively charged particles are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction.

Limitations of Rutherford Atomic Model:-

⇒ Rutherford proposed that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits. According to Maxwell, accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiations and hence an electron revolving around the nucleus should emit electromagnetic radiation.

⇒ This radiation would carry energy from the motion of the electron which would come at the cost of shrinking of orbits. Ultimately the electrons would collapse in the nucleus.

⇒ Calculations have shown that as per Rutherford model an electron would collapse in the nucleus in less than 10-8 seconds. So Rutherford model was not in accordance with Maxwell’s theory and could not explain the stability of an atom.

⇒ One of the drawbacks of the Rutherford model was also that he did not say anything about the arrangement of electrons in an atom which made his theory incomplete.

⇒ Although the early atomic models were inaccurate and failed to explain certain experimental results, they were the base for future developments in the world of quantum mechanics.